2.4 The Armada 1588

Question 1

Why was the armada defeated?

Answer 1

English Galleons(quicker able to carry guns more efficiently)

English cannons could be reloaded more quickly

Spanish supplies: poor equality cannons and rotting food

Unreliable communications between the Duke of Parma and Medinia-Sidonia

Duke of parma had not control of any deep sea ports

English tactics: -6x more firepower

Spanish poor leadership (Medinia-Sedioia was inexpirianced)

And poor tactics(old fashioned trying to board enemy ships)

Weather finally destroying the armada (40 ships)

Drake’s raid on Cadiz hebour delayed Spaniah preperations by a year giving more time for the Snglish to prepare(Created shortages of food for the Spanish)

Question 2

Who advised Elizabeth to get galleons?

Answer 2

John Hawkins

Question 3

Wheb was Mary Queen of Scots executed?

Answer 3

1587

Question 4

What were the political reasons for the launch of the Spanish armada?

Answer 4

• treaty of joinville 1584
• treaty of Nonsuch 1585
• england would be a useful addition to Philip’s II empire

Question 5

What was he Treaty of Nonsuch?

Answer 5

England decided to support the Dutch against Spanish rule

Along with Drake’s raid of cadiz

Question 6

What did the treaty of nonsuch cause?

Answer 6

Philip to decide that a direct invasion of England was necessary

Question 7

What was the religion reasons that caused the Spanish armada?

Answer 7

Philip II wanted to tet rid of heresy

The papacy had wanted Elizabeth overthrown since excommunicating her in 1570

The pope promised to forgive the sins of those taking part in the Armada and offered Philip II a reward if the invasion was successful

Soain and the papacy had backed the Spanish plots against Elizabeth I

Question 8

When was the Spaniah armada?

Answer 8

1588

Question 9

When had the armada been planned since?

Answer 9

October 1985

Question 10

What are the four types of causes for the Spanish Armada?

Answer 10

• Religion
• politics
• circumstances
• provocation

Question 11

How was politics a cause for the Spanish Armada?

Answer 11

• treaty of joinville 1584
• treaty of Nonsuch 1585
• Engalnd would be a useful addition to Philip’s empire

Question 12

How was provocation a cause for the Spanish armada?

Answer 12

Drake’s actions in the new world

Elizabeth’s support for Dutch rebels

Question 13

What are the circumstances that caused the armada?

Answer 13

Spain acquired Portugal in 1580

-Duke of Parma had great success in the Netherlands since 1579

Question 14

How was religion a cause for the Spanish Armada?

Answer 14

• Philip II wanted to get rid of heresy
• Afger excommunicating Elizabeth in 1570, the papacy had wanted Elizabeth overthrown
• Pope promised to forgive the sins of those taking part in the Armada

Question 15

Describe Phlip’s strategy?

Answer 15

130 ships, 2431 guns and 30,000 men under the control of the Duke of Medina Sidonia

-would join up with the Duke of Parma in the Netherlands, transport 27,000 men to Kent and March on London

Question 16

Why were Spanish supplies a problem?

Answer 16

Because of Drake’s raid of Cadiz, new inferior barrels had to be made quickly

By the time the Armada had been at sail for 10 weeks the food supplies had already started to rot

Question 17

Why was planning and communications an issue for the Spanish?

Answer 17

• Duke of Parma did not control any deep sea ports -it meant it would take 48 hours to load men up on smaller ships when they heard of his arrival
• communications between Parma and Medina sidonia were by sea and therefore unreliable

Question 18

When is the Armada spotted in the English channel?

Answer 18

July 1588

Question 19

Describe English tactics up to the battle of Gravelines in August 1558

Answer 19

31st July-English capture 2 ships but maintain safe distance from Armada as they chase them down the coast

3rd August-exchange of cannon fire-prevents the Spanish landing in the Isle of white (they had hoped to anchor in the Isle of white whilst a message was sent to Parma)

Question 20

Describe th battle of Gravelines?

Answer 20

Night of the 6th August-English send fireships-scatters Armada

-8th August-Spanish forced to fight without Parma: English ships were faster and easier to load-Armada defeated and scattered by the wind

Most of the dmage was done when they were forced to sail around Scotland by gakes and winds

Question 21

Consequences of the Armada?

Answer 21

“God favoured Protestantism”

-shows strength of Navy and gives England confidence to to trade and explore the open sea more widely