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GCSE History-Elizabeth > 2.1 Plots At Home > Flashcards

2.1 Plots At Home Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the plan for the Babington plot of 1586?

A

Duke of Guise would invade with 60,000 men and put Mary on the throne. Philip and the Pope supported the plot

It was designed to GET ENGLISH CATHOLICS TO REVOLT

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2
Q

How was the Babington plot of 1586 stopped?

A

Anthony Babington, a Catholic with links to the French wrote to Mary queen of scots in July 1586 about the plot.

Mary was being watched and her letters were intercepted by Walsingham. Once he had sufficient details about the plot, he arrested 6 catholics who were supposed to kill Elizabeth

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3
Q

What happened to the people involved in the plot?

A

Babington and his accomplices were convicted and hanged, drawn and quatered.

Mary was tried on October 1586 by the privy council-there was to many plots to believe she was innoncent(thockmorton and Ridolfi plots)

Mary sentenced to death(although Elizabeth didn’t sign untik Febuary)

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4
Q

What were two consequences pf the Babington plot?

A
  • no hope of relacing Elizabeth with a Catholic heir

- Elizabeth’s goverment became determined to crush Catholicism and there were mass arrests wirh 31 priests executed

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5
Q

What act was passed in Parliament in 1585?

A

Act for the preservation of the queen’s safety

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6
Q

What did the Act for the preservation of the queen’s safety state?

A

In the event of Elizabeth’s assasination, in the event of Elizabeth’s assasination, Mary Queen of Scots was to be barred from the succession.

Any action against Mary must only be taken once a commission has investigatwd her role in the plot and found her guilty

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7
Q

What caused Mary’s trial and conviction?

A

Under the Act for the preservation of the queen’s safety, Walsingham had enough evidence to trial and convict Mary

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8
Q

What were the two reasons Mary was executed in 1587?

A
  • involved in too many plots, evidence is undisputable
  • rumors that Spanish troops had landed in Wales and Mary had escaped. In the case of an invasion, English Catholics would support Mary
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9
Q

Give three reasons why Mary Queen of Scots execution was important?

A
  • removed an important threat to Elizabeth
  • gave Philip and exuse to invade
  • mary gave her claim to the English throne to Philip on her death
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10
Q

When was the Babington plot?

A

1586

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11
Q

When was Mary queen of scots executed?

A

Feb 1587

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12
Q

How were English Ctholics a threat?

A
  • 1569- English Catholics were under increasing suspicion since the revolt of the northern earls
  • 1570- Pope calls Catholics to overthrow Elizabeth

1574- Catholics priests smuggled into England from Europe to keep English Catholics true to their faith

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13
Q

How was Mary Queen of scots a threat?

A
  • she had a legitimate claim to the throne and was the focus of three plots to dispose of Elizabeth in 1568
  • her family(Guise) were very powerful. They created a Catholic league against Protestantism in France and supported plots against Elizabeth
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14
Q

How was Spain a threat?

A
  • Philip II was a strict Catholic who wanted to destroy protestantism
  • Spain had a large growing empire in the Americas making it powerful
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15
Q

How was the Dutch revolt a threat

A
  • started by philip executing Dutch Protestants
  • the Spanish army sent to the Netherlands in 1567 was viewed as a threat
  • Elizabeth’s support for Dutch Protestant rebels was an important reason for worsening anglo-spanish relations
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16
Q

Why did the Catholic northern Earls turn against Elizabeth?

A

They had lost influence when she became queen as her ‘new men’ in the gentry were given some of the most important goverment positions

(These families had governed the north for centuries and the majority of the people there were Catholic’

17
Q

When is the revolt of the northern earls?

A

1569

18
Q

What were the four main reasons the Earls revolted in 1569?

A
  • wanted Catholicism restored in England
  • Earls had lost a great deal of influence at court since Elizabeth became queen un 1558
  • Elizabeth refusing to name an heir or marry created uncertainty about England’s future
  • Mary Queen of scots was a figure head who could potentially replace Elizabeth
19
Q

What was the ideal plan for the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A
  • Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland will raise rebel forces in the North and take control of Durham
  • Rebels go south and meet with the Duke of Norfolk
  • thousands of Spanish troops land to assistnthe rebels
  • They seize control of goverment in London and overthrow Elizabeth
  • any resistance would be put down by Spanish troops
  • Mary queen of scots freed, married to Norfolk and take the throne
20
Q

What happened on the 1st November 1569?

A

Elizabeth finds out about the plot and arrests Norfolk

  • Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland take control on Durham and have mass(they destroy any evidence of Protestantism
  • Spains’ troops never arrive and Elizabeth raises an army of 14,000

Rebellion crushed

21
Q

What happened immediately after the revolt of the northern Earls failed?

A
  • 450 rebels executed throughout north England(aim of terrifying population and preventing another rebellion)
  • westmorland escaped
  • Northumberland captured and executed in York 1572
  • Elizabeth refuses to execute the Duke of Norfolk dispitenthe privy council advising her to
22
Q

Why did Elizabeth not want to execute Mary?

A

She belived an annoited Monarch was chosen by God and therefore subjects did not have the rights to change that.

23
Q

What is a papal bull

A

A written order issued by the pope

24
Q

What did the Pope do after the failed revolt?

A

He issued a papal bull that excommunicated Elizabeth and calling on all loyal Catholics to have a revolution to dispose her

25
Q

What was the importance of the revolt of the northen Earls?

A
  • treason laws became harsher
  • Ened the power of the powerful Catholic families in the North
  • it prompted harsher treatment of Catholics
26
Q

What was the significance of the papal bull?

A

It put English Catholics in a difficult position

Should they obey the head if the church or their queen?

27
Q

When was the Ridolfi plot?

A

1571

28
Q

Who was ridolfi?

A

An Italian baker living in Florence and one of the Pope’s spies

29
Q

What was the plan for the Ridolfi plot in 1571?

A

Spanish invasion, put Mary Queen of Scots on the throne and marry her to the Duke of Norfolk

30
Q

What happend in the Ridolfi plot?

A

He leaves England in March 1571 to discuss the plot with the Pope and the Duke of Norfolk

  • he had a signed letter by the Duke or Norfolk saying he was Catholic and would lead a rebellion if Philip supported it
  • Cecil uncovers the plot and Norfolk is executed for high treason in 1572(nothing ahppens to Mary)
31
Q

What was the significance of the Ridolfi plot?

A
  • reinforced the threat Catholics posed at home and abroad
  • reinforced the Spanish threat
  • Elizabeth focuses on improving relations with France
32
Q

When was the thockmorton plot?

A

1583

33
Q

What was the plan for the Thockmorton plot?

A

French Duke of Guise to invade England, free Mary and overthrow Elizabeth (resotre Catholicism in England)

  • Philip II would provide finaincal support
  • a young Englush man called Francis Throckmorton would act as a go-between with Mary
  • the Pope knew and approved of the plans
34
Q

Why was the Thockmorton plot so significant?

A

Throckmorton’d papers included a list pf Catholic sympathisers in England-confirming fear of English Catholics being an ‘enemy within’

-Catholics treated with sucpicion by the goverment.

Many Catholics fled the country, 11,000 were imprisoned, kept under surveillance or kept under house arrest.

-act in Parliament passed in 1585 that made helping sheltering catholics punishable by death

35
Q

Who discovered the Thockmorton plot and how?

A

Sir Francis Walsingham

He found incriminating papers at Thockmorton’s house

36
Q

What happed to Thockmorton?

A

Arrested in nov 1583, he was tourted and confessed

Executed in may 1584

37
Q

What did the plot emphaises?

A
  • the threat of foreign Catholic powers with Mary Queen of Scots and English Catholics
  • showed a potential threat if France and Spain combined in the fiture

GCSE History-Elizabeth (12 decks)

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