2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts Flashcards
What is a server?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts
Device that provides services to connected devices
What do DNS servers maintain?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - DNS Server
Records to perform their functions
Mapping hostnames to IP addresses, routing emails to correct email servers, etc.
How are devices configured as DNS servers?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - DNS Server
via DHCP servers or by manually configuring them
What does it mean that DNS is a distributed naming system?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - DNS Server
Responsibilties for managing DNS requests may be shared among multiple DNS servers
Responsibilities are shared if more than 1 DNS server is used
Where is a DHCP server likely running in a home network?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - DHCP Server
router or modem
What is a networked device?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts
Device that can connect to a computer network
i.e. router, phone, switch, hub, printer, server, computer, etc.
Meaning of SMB?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Fileshare (File Servers)
Server Message Block
File server that Windows uses?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Fileshare (File Servers)
SMB
Where is server software installed on & why?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles
Server computers to perform server functions
Meaning of NAS?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Fileshare (File Servers)
Network-Attached Storage
What are NAS servers?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Fileshare (File Servers)
Type of file servers that connects directly to the network & has 1 or more storage drives
Storage drives like HDDs or SSDs
for small environments, how can file servers be enabled?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Fileshare (File Servers)
Via file sharing on PCs
How are printers connected to the network?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Print Server
Via print server
What do print servers enable users to do?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Print Server
Share access to the centralized printer
centralized resource being a printer
What do print servers manage?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Print Server
Network print queue for printers
A single server may be used to provide…?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts
multiple server tasks
i.e acting as a file & printer server
What is syslog?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Syslog
Protocol that sends system logs to central logging server/collector
System logs are event messages
Why would syslog be used?
*Used by network devices, server,s OSs, & apps
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Syslog
To log events, errors, & warnings
How can Windows use syslog
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Syslog
Via third-party software
Windows doesnt natively support syslog
What kind of pages can web servers build?
Example of web server is Microsoft’s IIS (Internet Information Services)
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Web Servers
Static & dynamic pages
How do web servers send static pages?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Web Servers
By directly sending it to the browser
How do web servers send dynamic pages?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - Web Servers
By creating the page & then sending it to the browser
Meaning of AAA?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - AAA
Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting
What do Authentication servers in AAA do?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - AAA
Verifies a user’s identity
via authentication
Orgs may use authentication servers to provide a centralized method of authetnication across different servers
What do Authorization servers in AAA do?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - AAA
Grants access to resources based on predefined permissions
What do Accounting servers in AAA do?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Server Roles - AAA
Tracks user actions
To provide evidence of unauthorized actions
What do Anti-spam appliances do?
aka spam gateway apliances
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - Spam Gateways
Filters spam emails & instant messages on a network
Meaning of UTM?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - UTM
Unified Threat Management
What is a UTM?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - UTM
Device or software that consolidates network & security features
features like firewall, antivirus, content inspection, antispam, etc.
UTMs can be a specialized appliance or installed on a VM running cloud services
Meaning of IDS?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - UTM
Intrusion Detection Systems
Meaning of IPS? (Not IPS LCD)
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - UTM
Intrusion Prevention Systems
What are IDS & IPS used for?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - UTM
To detect & thwart unauthorized access to a network
What role does IDS do? & IPS?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - UTM
IDS alerts admin, IPS tries to thwart it
What do load balancers do?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - Load Balancers
Distribute network traffic evenly across multiple servers & removes unresponsive servers
Why do load balancers route client requests to servers in a uniform fashion?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - Load Balancers
To ensure no server is overloaded or idle
2 load balancing algorithms?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - Load Balancers
- Round-robin
- Least connections
How does Load balancer’s least connections algorithm work?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - Load Balancers
Sends new client requests to the server with the least concurrent connections
Where are load balancers typically placed on a network?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - Load Balancers
Between client devices & the servers to be balanced
What does a proxy server act as?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - Proxy Servers
An intermediary between its users & the resources they request
3 things proxy servers can do?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Internet Appliances - Proxy Servers
- Monitor usage
- Control access to content
- Enhance performance
3 devices used to block access to a system or network?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts
- Firwalls
- UTMs
- IDS & IPS
What are legacy/embedded systems?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts
Specialized devices designed for specific tasks
i.e. ATM, washing machine controllers, thermostats, MP3 players, Traffic light controllers, SCADA, etc.
What are IoT devices?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: IoT Devices
Devices that connect to a network to exchange data
i.e. network like the Internet
i.e. Fitness Tracker, Connected Refrigerator, Smart home lighting, smart thermostat, smart locks, etc.
Meaning of SCADA?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Legacy/Embedded Systems - SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
What do SCADA systems do?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts: Legacy/Embedded Systems - SCADA
Manage industrial machines by controlling their functions in real-time
i.e. HVAC systems, gas/oil pipelines, traffic systems, etc.
Why may legacy systems be hard to maintain?
2.4 - Summarize services provided by networked hosts
Due to outdated software/hardware that may not be well-supported
