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CompTIA A+ 1101 (Core 1) (Retired) > 2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes > Flashcards

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes Flashcards

1
Q

TCP & UDP are transported inside…?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

IP packets

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2
Q

TCP or UDP may be referred to as operating at…

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

the transport layer of OSI model (OSI layer 4)

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3
Q

What is TCP/UDP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

Transport layer protocols used for data transmissions over networks

Ports are endpoints where communication occurs

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4
Q

What do connection-oriented sessions mean?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

Every packet sent is checked for delivery.

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5
Q

Meaning of TCP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

Transmission Control Protocol

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6
Q

Meaning of UDP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol

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7
Q

What type of protocol is TCP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

Connection-oriented protocol

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8
Q

How does TCP provide reliable delivery?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

By making sure data sent has been verified as being received to the receiver

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9
Q

What type of protocol is UDP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

Connectionless protocol

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10
Q

Why is UDP unreliable?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

There’s no acknowledgement sent by receiver, making it unknown if the data sent was actually received by the receiver

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11
Q

Importance of UDP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

Being able to send data very quickly over the network

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12
Q

UDP is most associated with..?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

Real time communication

(live communication, where you cant stop or retransmit info)

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13
Q

Protocols using UDP have no confirmation of data sent, so its up to the…

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

app to keep track of who has & hasn’t received data

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14
Q

Purpose of port numbers?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

To identify which service will receive data

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15
Q

How does TCP establish network connections?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

3-way handshake (aka TCP socket connection)

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16
Q

TCP

Process of three-way handshake?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A
  1. SYN packet
  2. SYN-ACK packet
  3. ACK packet

  1. (Client sends it)
  2. (Server sends it)
  3. (Client sends it)
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17
Q

When is Connection-oriented TCP used?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

When data integrity is needed

Data integrity = data is unaltered & undamaged

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18
Q

When is Connectionless UDP used?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

When speed & efficiency is needed

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19
Q

What do protocols do?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

Handle data transfer details

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20
Q

What does the internet run on?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: TCP vs UDP

A

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite

(Protocols & services that power & manage networks)

(its named that way because most TCP/IP protocols use TCP rather than UDP)

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21
Q

Meaning of FTP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

File Transfer Protocol

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22
Q

Meaning of SFTP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Secure File Transfer Protocol

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23
Q

Meaning of TFTP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

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24
Q

FTP port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

TCP/20-21

TCP/20 (Active mode data) & TCP/21 (Control)

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25
Q

What is FTP TCP/20 for?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Data transfers

tcp/20 (acive mode data)

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26
Q

What is FTP TCP/21 for?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To control the data transfer

tcp/21 (control)

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27
Q

Purpose of FTP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To transfer data/files between devices

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28
Q

What does FTP commonly require?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

authentication to log in to that remote device

i.e. username & password

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29
Q

Common protocol of:

TCP/20-21

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

FTP

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30
Q

What FTP option is NOT connection-oriented?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

TFTP

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31
Q

Purpose of TFTP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To transfer files between devices with limited functionality

(No authentication/encryption & only read/write operations)

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32
Q

Meaning of SSH?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Secure Shell

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33
Q

SSH port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

TCP/22

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34
Q

Common protocol of:

TCP/22

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

SSH

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35
Q

Purpose of SSH?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Encrypts communication channels

Network services like remote login & data transfers

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36
Q

SSH is a more secure replacement to…?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

FTP & Telnet

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37
Q

Protocol(s) that enables to remotely access devices via terminal/CLI?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

SSH & Telnet

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38
Q

What is required to use SSH on Windows?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Software

like puTTY

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39
Q

Meaning of Telnet?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: **Ports & Protocols

A

Telecommunication Network

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40
Q

Telnet port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

TCP/23

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41
Q

Common protocol of:

TCP/23

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Telnet

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42
Q

Purpose of Telnet?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To provide unencrypted remote terminal/CLI access to a device

over the Internet or local network

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43
Q

Meaning of SMTP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

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44
Q

SMTP port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

TCP/25

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45
Q

Purpose of SMTP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

For email clients to send emails to an email server

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46
Q

Common protocol of:

TCP/25

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

SMTP

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47
Q

Meaning of DNS?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Domain Name System

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48
Q

DNS port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

UDP/53

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49
Q

Common protocol of:

UDP/53

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

DNS

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50
Q

Purpose of DNS?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To convert domain names into IP addresses

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51
Q

DNS

When connecting to a website by domain, the DNS server…?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

finds IP address of domain so the client & web server can communicate via IP

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52
Q

Meaning of DHCP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

53
Q

DHCP port(s) in IPv4 network?

(This is the MAIN DHCP port(s))

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

UDP/67-68

DHCPv6 uses UDP/546-547

54
Q

Common protocol for:

UDP/67-68

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

DHCP

(The main DHCP (IPv4))

55
Q

What is needed to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

DHCP server

56
Q

Where is the DHCP functionality commonly buit into?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Routers & Access Points

57
Q

Purpose of DHCP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To assign network configuration parameters to devices on a network

Network configuration paramters like IP addresses, subnet masks, gateway addresses, & DNS servers

58
Q

DHCP

Meaning of SOHO?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Small Office/Home Office

59
Q

Most SOHO networks have a router that uses DHCP to…

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

assign IP addresses to client computers

60
Q

How do ISPs use DHCP?

A

To assign an IP address to users by assigning them to routers/modems

61
Q

What system does DHCP use to assign IP addresses?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Leasing system

(Assigned IP addresses are used for a certain amount of time)

62
Q

DHCP

When is the IP address unassigned to a device?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

The lease expires & the device is no longer on the network

63
Q

What ports do servers & clients use in DHCPv4 servers?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Server: 67
Client: 68

64
Q

What is DHCP aka?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol)

65
Q

HTTP port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

66
Q

HTTPS port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

67
Q

Meaning of HTTP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

68
Q

Meaning of HTTPS?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

HTTP Secure

69
Q

Common protocol for:

TCP/80

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

70
Q

Common protocol for:

TCP/443

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

71
Q

Purpose of HTTP/HTTPS?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To communicate to web servers

72
Q

Which HTTP version has encryption?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

73
Q

Which HTTP version has no encryption?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

74
Q

Secure protocols

Meaning of SSL?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Secure Sockets Layer

75
Q

Secure protocols

Meaning of TLS?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Transport Layer Security

76
Q

Secure protocol that HTTPS uses?

77
Q

3 Email protocols?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A
  • SMTP
  • POP3
  • IMAP4
78
Q

Meaning of POP3?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Post Office Protocol version 3

79
Q

Meaning of IMAP4

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Internet Message Access Protocol version 4

80
Q

POP3 port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

81
Q

Secure POP3 port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

82
Q

Purpose of POP3?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

For email clients to retrieve emails from a mail server

83
Q

Purpose of IMAP4?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

For email clients to retrieve emails from a mail server

84
Q

Common protocol for:

TCP/110

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

85
Q

IMAP4 port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

86
Q

Common protocol for:

TCP/143

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

87
Q

How does IMAP4 differ from POP3?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

IMAP4 can synchronize emails to multiple email clients

i.e. the same email can be received on Gmail, Outlook, & Apple Mail

(it also supports folders)

88
Q

What is POP3 limited to?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Can only retrieve emails to 1 email client

89
Q

How does IMAP4 allow email syncrhonization?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Lets emails stay on the email server to be retrieved from any location

90
Q

Meaning of SMB?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Server Message Block

91
Q

SMB port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

92
Q

Common protocol for:

TCP/445

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

93
Q

Purpose of SMB?

(Server Message Block)

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To Provide file & printer sharing, network browsing, & IPC over a network

IPC is data exchange between programs.

94
Q

What uses SMB?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

95
Q

What is SMB aka?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

96
Q

Meaning of CIFS?

A

Common Internet File System

97
Q

NetBIOS/NetBT port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A
  • UDP/137
  • (TCP & UDP)/139
98
Q

Meaning of NetBT?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

NetBIOS over TCP/IP

99
Q

Meaning of NetBIOS?

A

Network Basic Input/Output System

100
Q

What does NetBIOS do?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A
  • Names devices
  • Establishes reliable connections
  • Facilitates data packet delivery

TCP/IP has replaced NetBIOS

101
Q

How is NetBIOS functionality implemented over TCP/IP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

using NetBT

102
Q

Common protocol for UDP/137-138 & TCP/139?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

103
Q

Meaning of SNMP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Simple Network Management Protocol

104
Q

SNMP port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

105
Q

Common protocol for:

UDP/161

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

106
Q

Purpose of SNMP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To remotely monitor & manage network devices

107
Q

Meaning of LDAP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

108
Q

LDAP port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

109
Q

One popular LDAP implenentation?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Microsoft Active Directory

MAD allows to query the Active Directory server using LDAP

110
Q

Common protocol for:

TCP/389

111
Q

Purpose of LDAP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To access & maintain distributed directories of info. services over an IP network

112
Q

Meaning of RDP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Remote Desktop Protocol

113
Q

RDP port(s)?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

114
Q

Common protocol for:

TCP/3389

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

115
Q

Purpose of RDP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

To give remote access to a computer’s GUI & resources as if the user was there

116
Q

RDP-based program that Microsoft uses?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes: Ports & Protocols

A

Remote Desktop Connection program

117
Q

2 file transfer protocols?

Protocols that allow file transfers between devices

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

A
  • FTP
  • SMB/CIFS
118
Q

What type of protocols are FTP & SMB/CIFS?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

A

File transfer protocols

Protocols that allow file transfers between devices

119
Q

3 remote access protocols?

Protocols that allows remote access to a device or network

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

A
  • SSH
  • Telnet
  • RDP
120
Q

What type of protocols are SSH, Telnet, & RDP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

A

Remote access protocols

Protocols that allows remote access to a device or network

121
Q

1 Directory services protcol?

Manage/organize info about network resources/users in directory database

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

122
Q

What type of protocol is LDAP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

A

Directory services protocol

Manage/organize info about network resources/users in directory database

123
Q

1 network management protocol?

Help manage & monitor the behavior & performance of a network

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

124
Q

What type of protocol is SNMP?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

A

network management protocol

Help manage & monitor the behavior & performance of a network

125
Q

2 Web protocols?

allow communication & data transfers between web clients & servers

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

A
  • HTTP
  • HTTPS
126
Q

What type of protocols are HTTP & HTTPS?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

A

Web protocols

allow communication & data transfers between web clients & servers

127
Q

1 network communication protocol?

Protocols that allow communication between devices on a network

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

128
Q

What type of protocol is NetBIOS?

2.1 - Compare & contrast TCP & UDP ports, protocols, & their purposes

A

Network communication protocol

Protocols that allow communication between devices on a network

CompTIA A+ 1101 (Core 1) (Retired) (23 decks)

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