2.4. Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

Proteins contains:

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen and Sulphur

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2
Q

Amino acid function:

A

Are the molecules in which peptides and proteins are built.

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3
Q

Main components of the structural formula of Proteins

A
  • An Amino group(-NH2)
  • An organic acid group(carboxyl group -COOH)
  • Side chain includes a_ R group
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4
Q

Protein types

A

There are 20 standard Amino acid groups

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5
Q

Peptide Bond/Linkages

A

Tow amino acids combine to form -> Dipeptide

The (amino group) of one amino acid reacts with the (Carboxyl group) of another amino acid.

remainder /yield = H2O

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6
Q

Condensation reaction:

A

a reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule,

Bi product= H2O

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7
Q

Primary Structure

A

Sequence of amino acids.
Sequence:Determines the shape and
the structure of the protein.

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8
Q

Secondary structure:

A

Develops when part of polypeptide chain by coiling up take a particular shape eg.
a-helix
b-sheets
these are permanent shapes held in place by hydrogen bonds.

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9
Q

Tertiary structure

A
  • Made up of complex shape.(folded and held in Place)
  • Made permanent by four different bonds:
  • Established between adjacent parts of the atom(Hydrogen bond _Disulfade _Van der Waals_Ionic bond)
  • Tend to take much coils eg.Fibrous and globular
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10
Q

Quaternary Structure

A

-This arises when two or more proteins are held together.(Forming a complex, biologically active molecule)

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11
Q

Examples of Protein:

A
Insulin 
Rubisco
Immunoglobulins 
Rhodopsin 
Collagen
Spider silk
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12
Q

Proteome

A
  • The actual proteins made by a cell.
  • Controlled by expression of genes.
  • Leads to cell’s phenotype.
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13
Q

Genes

A
  • 20 different amino acids
  • Codons
  • DNA
  • mRNA strands
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14
Q

Protein structure

A
Amino acid
Condensation reaction
Dipeptide
Polypeptide
More than one polypeptide
3D shape
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