1.2.Ultrastructure of Cells_Eukaryotes

Question 1

Eukaryotes

Answer 1

Has nucleus.
- A nucleus with a double membrane_that enclose DNA.
In addition..
Eukaryotic cells tend to have_a variety of membrane bound organelles._ compartmentalization functions.

Question 2

Similarities(with prokaryotes)

Answer 2

Both have DNA
Both have Ribosomes
Both have Cytoplasm
Bothe have have Plasma membrane_ Phospholipid bi-layer.

Question 3

Features of Eukaryotes_1

Answer 3

• Membrane bound organelles
• Mitochondria present.
• 80s ribosomes
• DNA is contained within the nucleus.

Question 4

Features of a Eukaryotes_2

Answer 4

-Eukaryotic cells make up complex Eukaryotic organisms(animals, plants, fungi
and algae)

• Eukaryotic cells-larger eg. 10-100 micro m
• Can be both single celled and multicellular.
• Multiple linear chromosomes.

Question 5

Membrane-bound organelle_Ribosomes

Answer 5

• Produce proteins.
• Free ribosomes within the cytoplasm produce protein that will be used internally within the cell.

Ribosomes attached to the rER produce proteins that will be secreted.

Question 6

Membrane-bound organelle_Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

• Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that processes and packages macromolecules such as proteins.
• Proteins are usually modified for secretion out of the cell.

Question 7

Membrane-bound organelle_ Nucleus

Answer 7

-Known as the control center of the cell.

-The nucleus regulates cell activities through gene expression.
Contains the majority of the cell’s DNA.

-It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which has small nuclear pores to allow molecules to move in and out of the nucleus.

Question 8

Membrane bound organelle_Mitochondria

Answer 8

• Membrane-bound organelles that carry out aerobic cellular respiration to create ATP.
• Contain highly folded inner membranes called cristae which increase the surface area to enhance the mitochondrion’s ability to produce ATP (oxidative phosphorylation takes place here).
• Space enclosed by the inner membrane is called the matrix. This is where the Kreb’s cycle takes place.
• Contain their own DNA genome.

Question 9

Membrane bound organelle-rER)

Answer 9

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

• Site of protein synthesis (attached ribosomes) for secretion out of the cell.
• rER tubules are continuous with the outer layer of the nuclear envelope.

Question 10

Membrane-bound organelle_ Lysosomes

Answer 10

• Contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest worn-out organelles, food particles, and viruses or bacteria.
• Formed from the Golgi apparatus.
• Bounded by a single membrane.