24 - AI version tried Flashcards
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What was the significance of the French wars during the reign of William and Mary?
They prompted a financial revolution in the 1690s, expanding British military power on land and sea.
What change in ideology occurred during William and Mary’s reign?
The concept of a ‘limited monarchy’ emerged, leading to the growth of ‘ministerial government’.
What does the 1701 Act of Settlement represent?
Fundamental changes in balance of power and the condition of the Church of England.
What was the Bill of Rights, and when was it passed?
A document placing limits on the monarchy’s power, passed in 1689.
What did the Triennial Act require?
Parliament to sit at least once every 3 years and for the King to call elections every three years.
What was the financial revolution described as by historians?
The ‘military-fiscal state’.
How did the old system of taxation work before the Civil War?
Based on ordinary revenue from Crown lands and feudal dues supplemented by occasional parliamentary subsidies.
What was the purpose of the Public Accounts Act of 1690?
To establish a Public Account Commission to examine government income and expenditure.
What was the Land Tax introduced in 1692?
A tax levied at 4 shillings in the pound on income from land.
What financial mechanism was created in 1694 to manage government borrowing?
The Bank of England.
What was the significance of the Civil List established in 1698?
It separated the monarch’s personal expenses from government costs.
What was the impact of the reforms on British military power post-1688?
Significant expansion of military capability, including the Royal Navy and army size.
What did the Nine Years War (1688-97) contribute to?
It shaped new constitutional arrangements and limited the monarchy’s power.
What role did political parties play in the development of limited monarchy?
They fostered cooperation and competition within Parliament, leading to organized political structures.
What were the consequences of frequent parliamentary elections introduced by the Triennial Act?
Encouraged party organization and greater political engagement among citizens.
What was the role of the cabinet of ministers during William’s reign?
To manage Parliament and ensure political support on behalf of the King.
What was the effect of William’s focus on foreign policy?
It necessitated changes in British government that further limited the monarchy’s power.
Fill in the blank: The financial revolution helped Parliament to win the war but was seen as a threat to traditional _______.
liberties
True or False: The Glorious Revolution alone was responsible for the development of limited monarchy in England.
False
What did the Treaty of Ryswick signify?
A parliamentary attack on William’s standing army.
What was a major development in government borrowing during the 1690s?
The introduction of a National Debt, underwritten by Parliament.
What did the expansion of the Royal Navy and army allow Britain to do?
To challenge and defeat France in European and colonial conflicts.
Who is considered Britain’s first prime minister?
Robert Walpole
He managed the government for King George I, who could not speak English.
What major event in 1688 significantly changed English politics?
The Glorious Revolution
It involved the invasion of William of Orange.
What type of monarchy emerged in Britain after the Glorious Revolution?
Limited or constitutional monarchy
What was the significance of the Secret Treaty of Dover (1670)?
It drew Britain into European conflicts, impacting British politics negatively.
What characterized Britain’s constitution?
It is ‘unwritten’
It consists of parliamentary statutes, common law, custom, and tradition.
What was the Instrument of Government?
Britain’s only written constitution (1654)
It was short-lived and later modified.
What did the Act of Settlement (1701) determine?
The line of succession following the death of William III.
Who was Princess Anne?
The younger daughter of James II and successor to William III.
What was a key provision of the Act of Settlement?
No Catholic could inherit the throne.
Who was to inherit the throne after Queen Anne according to the Act of Settlement?
The descendants of James I’s daughter Elizabeth and her husband Frederick, Elector Palatine.
What significant shift occurred between 1600 and 1702 regarding Parliament’s power?
Parliament could determine the line of succession.
What powers did the King still hold in 1702?
Choosing ministers, controlling foreign policy, distributing patronage.
What was the ‘financial revolution’ of the 1690s?
Changes that constrained the king’s prerogatives through financial oversight.
What was the ‘rage of party’?
The political strife resulting from oversight of royal policies.
How did Britain’s monarchy differ from the prevalent trend in Europe?
Britain had a limited monarchy, while Europe leaned towards royal absolutism.
True or False: The Crown in 1702 was less powerful than in 1603.
False
The Crown in 1702 had considerable power but was constrained by Parliament.
Fill in the blank: The Act of Settlement was evidence of the changing relationship between Parliament and the _______.
Crown
