14. The consolidation of the Republic

Question 1

PN after civil wars

Answer 1

-Alienated and did not support the regicide committed by a perceived minority.
-Tension between NMA and Rump

Question 2

The rump

Answer 2

-In Feb 49, abolished the monarchy, creating the republic
-On 2nd Jan 49, passed engagement act forcing all males to declare allegiance to the commonwealth
-Treason act passed in july 50, making it illegal to deny authority of the rump

Question 3

Scotland at war with the rump

Answer 3

-Argyll, leader of covenanters, declared Charles II king of Scotland on Charles’ death, and took the covenant
-Fairfax refused to lead an invasion to Scotland after the regicide and radicalisation
-Scots, led by Leslie, withdrew to defensive positions and by September 50, only 11,000 of Cromwell’s 16,300 remained
-Cromwell retreated to Dunbar but was pinned down by a 20,000 strong Scottish army
-Thomas Harrison prayed for Cromwell
-On the 3rd September, Cromwell defeated the Scots killing 3,000 and capturing 10,000, largely due to Leslies mistakes
-Reasons for victory include religious motivation, supplies from the royal navy and a better funded army
-Lambert put in control of Scottish army and fought Charles, killing 2,000 and capturing 1,400
-Scotland was secured by Cromwell, forcing Charles into England

Question 4

Ireland at war with the rump

Answer 4

-Cromwell landed in August 49 with 10,000 to impose Protestant control and punish Catholics
-Declared to Irish clergy in Jan 50 that they were the anti-Christ
-Bloody sieges as Drogheda and Wexford resulting in large bloodshed
-Henry Ireton left in may 50 to maintain control, staying until 1660.

Question 5

Charles’ invasion of England

Answer 5

-Had 20,000 men and aimed to secure London
-Had large support from monarchist sympathisers and aimed to escape Presbyterians who controlled him
-Only 13,000 remained by the time of the invasion due to desertions
-Scots did not get as much support as expected
-Leslie incompetent and uncommitted
-Monarchist plots suppressed by the republic, such as a rising in Norfolk in Dec 50
-No foreign aid received
-At Worcester, faced 4,000 Englishmen led by Thomas Harrison and was delayed until Cromwell arrived, and Charles lost the resulting battle, only killing 200 NMA soldiers.
-Secured Rumps position