ALL James 2 Flashcards
James II’s goals and character
-Inflexible and authoritarian like Charles
-Regarded opposition as treason
-Aimed to improve Catholics position and repeal penal laws against them such as corporation and test acts
-Declared that he would not move from the just rights of the crown
-Failed to recognise tory loyalty was to an intolerant church of England, not to him
1685 rebellions
-Earl of Argyll rose in Spring 85 but failed to secure control
-Led to James appointing Catholics in positions of power
-Monmouth plotted a rebellion but was crushed in July
-Executed along with 250 rebels
James II’s first Parliament
-Met in may 85 and funded James £2 million annually
-Gave James 20,000 troops in Dec
-Charles appointed 90 catholic officers, leading to a clash with parliament in November 85
-James prorogued parliament
-Godden v Hales in June 86 saw James appoint Catholics in the legal system and privy council as he saw fit, 6 judges and 4 councillors
-Declaration to preachers in March 86 forbidding attacks on Catholics, with absolutist lawyers being set up to enforce this
Restoration of Catholicism in Ireland
-James appointed Earl of Tyrconnell as lieutenant general to remodel irish army
-By Sept 86, most of the army was Catholic
-Remodelled Justice system, parliament and corporations to be Catholically owned
-Protestants forced to give up half their land
Restoration of Catholicism in Scotland
-Scotland’s parliament rejected calls for toleration of catholics in 86, but in February 87, James declared freedom of private worships for them and quakers
Declaration of indulgence 1986
Declared in June, toleration and freedom of office for catholics. Relaxed penal laws. Moved power from the upper class to the middle class more
James II’s second parliament
Met on 2nd July 87, after first parliament dissolved. Only 1/3 JP’s would support pro-catholic laws and purges of local government increased. Traditional ruling elite replaced by Catholics.
Events leading to Glorious revolution
-In April, declaration of indulgence reissued, establishing freedom of religion, to be announced in May and June
-Archbishop petitioned for this not to happen, but James sent them to the ToL
-Jury found Archbishop not guilty and cemented parliaments sentencing power
-On 10th June, James had a child
-William wanted to invade England to ensure an ally against the frogs
-On 30th June, 5 Whigs and 2 tories, the immortal seven, wrote to william inviting him, stating most were disatisfied
-On 29th Sept, invasion supported by the netherlands and on the 30th declared reasons for the invasion
-James tried to meet with PN to offer concessions, but William landed on November 5th and by 9th occupied exeter
The invasion of England
-9th Dec == James’ wife and son sent to france
-11th Dec == James left London and dropped royal seal in the Thames, anti-catholic riots
-23rd == James fled to France
-24th == Assembly of Peers, old MP’s, met to give advice to William, calling for elections
-29th == Writs for new elections written
