2.3thinking + problem solving Flashcards
what is thinking
conscious or subconsious cognitive processing
what is a problem
discrepancy between present state and goal state
stage of problem solving
define problem
generate possible solution
evaluate possible solution
tower of hanoi
ascending blocks that you stand up in order
what is meant by search space
different ways things can be achieved
what do cognitive psychologist compare the human mind to
a computer
3 assumption of problem solvng
serial process
limited stm
ltm info retrieved
strength
can be compared to humans
weakness
many differences between human and computer eg
EMOTIONS
strength of AI
limit human error [no emotion]
24/7 available
wekness of AI
no emotion
doesnt consider past experience, doesnt learn
gestalt approach
important to see whole structure of problem
reproductive thinking
use past experience to solve problem
productive thinking
insight, think outside the box
kohler - hungry chimp
found solution to reach monkeys by stacking box
incubation
subconscious mind still thinking of solution after we put is it aside
what is a schema
belief or expectation
organise info from past experiences
weakness of schema
make errors in eye witness testimony
behaviourist problem solving
observable behaviour rather than thinking and emotion
9 dot problem how man attempts may it take
100
compensation model for decision making
evalate all potential outcomes
non compensation
eliminate options
reasoning
thinking about something in a logical manner
equation for probability
event / number of oucomes
reasoning biases
base rate fallacy
probability misjudged due to lack of info
available heuristic
first thing that comes to mind
gamblers fallacy
something happens more frequently you may think its less likely to happen in future
confirmation bias
focus on evidence that meet expectation
anchoring
base opinion of first info
framing effect
wording influence reasoning
individual differences that effect problem solving
intelleegnce
stress
expertise
