2.3.4 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What are stop and start codons?
Codons that stop or start protein synthesis
What are the two processes involved in Protein Synthesis?
Transcription
Translation
Where does Transcription and Translation take place?
Transcription - nucleus
Translation - cytoplasm
When is DNA and mRNA used?
Transcription
When is mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes used?
Translation
What does mRNA stand for?
Messanger RNA
What does tRNA stand for?
Transfer RNA
What is Transcription?
Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA
What is Translation?
Translation is the process in which amino acids join together to form polypeptide chain
What does DNA Helicase do?
Break hydrogen bonds between DNA strands creating 2 strands. (unzip)
What does RNA Polymerase do?
Forms phosphodiester bonds between free nucleotides and template strand (single DNA strand)
Once formed, where does the mRNA move to?
From nucleus, out of nuclear pore, into cytoplasm
What are the two important parts of tRNA?
Binding site for amino acid
Anticodon
When and where do ribosomes bind to the mRNA strand during Translation?
In the cytoplasm on the start codon
What keeps the mRNA and tRNA attracted?
Hydrogen bonds between base pairs of codon and anticodon
What forms between the Amino Acids when next to one another attatched to tRNA molecules?
Peptide bonds with energy provided by ATP
How many tRNA molecules can fit inside of a ribosome?
Two, the first of three will be released.
