2.2.2 Biological Molecules Carbohydrates

Question 1

What elements do Carbohydrates contain?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 2

What joins Monosaccharides together?

Answer 2

Glycosidic bonds

Question 3

What reaction joins Saccharides together?

Answer 3

Condensation reactions

Question 4

How do you draw an Alpha glucose molecule?

Answer 4

Hydroxyl group must be on the lower plain of carbon 1
Hydrogen ion must be on the upper plain of carbon 1

Question 5

How do you draw a Beta glucose molecule?

Answer 5

Hydroxyl group must be on the upper plain of carbon 1
Hydrogen ion must be on the lower plain of carbon 1

Question 6

Which monosaccharides join together to form which disacchardies?

Answer 6

a Glucose + a Glucose = Maltose
a Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
a Glucose + Galactose = Lactose

Question 7

What is the function/structure of Glycogen?

Answer 7

Main energy storage molecule in animals
Formed of a glucose molecules joined by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Very branched
Relatively large but compact

Question 8

What is the function/ structure of Cellulose?

Answer 8

Component of plant cell walls
Composed of microfibrils (beta glucose chains) attracted to one another via hydrogen bonds

Question 9

What is the function/structure of Amylose?

Answer 9

Unbranched chain of delta glucose molecules joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Coiled structure so very compact
Found in plants

Question 10

What is the function of Amylopectin?

Answer 10

Branched chain of alpha glucose joined by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Very quick energy release
Found in plants

Question 11

What is starch?

Answer 11

A mixture of amylopectin and amylose.