Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REB > 23. Renin Angiotensin System > Flashcards

23. Renin Angiotensin System Flashcards

1
Q

What converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1?

A

Renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What converts Angiotensin 1 to Angiotensin 2?

A

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is angiotensinogen produced?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some symptoms of low BP?

A

Lack of concentration
Dizziness
Nausea
Fainting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the activity of the Renin Angiotensin System measured clinically?

A

PRA (Plasma Renin Activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is renin produced?

A

Juxtoglomerular cells of kidneys

-Specialised smooth muscle cells in afferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the half life of renin?

A

80 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does renin convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1?

A

Cleaves bond between leucine and valine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What increases rennin secretion?

A
  1. Low BP in afferent arteriole
  2. Decreased NaCl reabsorption by MD
  3. Increased adrenergic activity
    - Rennin release via B-adrenoceptors
    - AA constriction via a-adrenoceptors
  4. GsPCRs and cAMP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What inhibits rennin release?

A
  1. Increased NaCl reabsorption by MD
  2. Increased afferent arteriolar pressure
  3. Decreased sympathetic activity
  4. Angiotensin 2
  5. GqPCRs and Ca++
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of molecule is angiotensinogen?

A

Glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is angiotensin converting enzyme found?

A

Endothelial cells in the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the carboxypeptidase action of angiotensin converting enzyme?

A

Removes His and Leu from carboxy terminus of angiotensin 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

A

Captopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the effect of ACE inhibitors?

A

Decrease BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which Angiotensin 2 Receptor is found in blood vessels?

A

AT1A

17
Q

Which Angiotensin 2 Receptor is found in adrenal cortex and anterior pituitary?

A

AT1B

18
Q

Which Angiotensin 3 Receptor is found in the foetus and neonate?

A

AT2R

19
Q

What type of receptors are AT1Rs?

A

GPCRs

Linked to phospholipase C and Ca++

20
Q

What are AT1R blockers used to treat?

A

Hypertension

Cardiac failure

21
Q

Name 2 AT1R blockers

A

Candesartan

Eprosartan

22
Q

What are the functions of angiotensin?

A
  1. Increased Na+ reabsorption
  2. Vasoconstriction of renal arterioles
  3. Synthesis of aldosterone
  4. Stimulation of ADH secretion
23
Q

What receptor does aldosterone activate?

A

Mineralocorticoid Receptor

24
Q

What is the half life of aldosterone?

A

20 mins

25
Q

What is the function of aldosterone?

A

Enhances reabsorption of Na+ from DCT

  • ENaC
  • Na/K
26
Q

What is primary hyperaldosteronism?

A 
Adrenal adenoma (Conn's syndrome) or idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia
Decreased serum rennin, increased aldosterone
27
Q

What is secondary hyperaldosteronism?

A

Decreased renal perfusion due to heart failure, nephrotic syndrome or liver cirrhosis
Increased renin and aldosterone

28
Q

How is secondary hyperaldosteronism treated?

A

Aldosterone antagonists

29
Q

Name an aldosterone antagonist

A

Spironolactone

30
Q

What is primary hypoaldosteronism?

A

Addison’s: autoimmune destruction of adrenal gland

31
Q

What are the symptoms of Addison’s syndrome?

A 
Hypovolaemia
Urinary Na+ loss
Hyperkalaemia
Postural hypotension
Dehydration
Decreased serum aldosterone, increased serum renin
32
Q

What is secondary hypoaldosteronism?

A

Caused by renal injury (diabetes, obstructive nephropathy)

Decreased serum aldosterone and renin

33
Q

How is secondary hypoaldosteronism treated?

A

Mineralocorticoids: Hydrocortisone

Fludrocortisone

34
Q

What receptor does ADH act on?

A

AVP Receptors

35
Q

What is the half life of ADH?

A

20 mins

36
Q

What are the functions of ADH?

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Increased water reabsorption
  3. Promotes expression of urea transporters (UT-A) in the CD
37
Q

How does ADH cause vasoconstriction?

A

Acts on AVP1R

Releases Ca++

38
Q

How does ADH increase water reabsorption?

A

Acts on AVP2R
Increase cAMP production
Increases expression of aquaporin 2

REB (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions