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REB > 2. Hypothalamus/Pituitary 1 > Flashcards

2. Hypothalamus/Pituitary 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which glands do the hypothalamus and pituitary regulate the function of?

A

Thyroid
Adrenal
Reproductive

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2
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Below the thalamus
Above the pituitary
Either side of the 3rd ventricle

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3
Q

Which areas of the brain in particular is the hypothalamus linked to?

A

Limbic system

Autonomic brainstem

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4
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Sella Turcica- a bony cavity in the base of the brain

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5
Q

What is the other name for the anterior pituitary?

A

Adenohypophysis

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6
Q

What is the other name for the posterior pituitary?

A

Neurohypophysis

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7
Q

What does the anterior pituitary arise from?

A

Pouching of epithelium of the pharynx

Rathke’s pouch

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8
Q

What type of cells are found in the anterior pituitary?

A

Epitheloid

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9
Q

What does the posterior pituitary arise from?

A

Neural tissue outgrowth of the hypothalamus itself

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10
Q

What type of cells are found in the posterior pituitary?

A

Glial-type cells

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11
Q

How does the posterior pituitary connect to the hypothalamus?

A

Neural pathway

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12
Q

How does the anterior pituitary connect to the hypothalamus?

A

Unique vascular link

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13
Q

What are the two types of neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamus?

A

Supraoptic

Paraventricular

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14
Q

Which neurosecretory neurons make vasopressin?

A

Supraoptic

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15
Q

Which neurosecretory neurons make oxytocin?

A

Paraventricular

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16
Q

What is the name of the ‘carrier proteins’ that hormones leave the hypothalamus attached to?

A

Neurophysins

17
Q

Which hormones does the anterior pituitary produce?

A 
Growth hormone
Adrenocorticotropin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Leutinizing hormone
Prolactin
18
Q

What is the alternative name for growth hormone?

A

Somatotropin

19
Q

What are the five cell types in the anterior pituitary?

A 
Somatotropes
Corticotropes
Thyrotropes
Gonadotropes
Lactotropes
20
Q

What is the anatomical and functional link between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

A

Hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system

21
Q

Why is the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system so important?

A

All blood supplied to anterior pituitary passes through the hypothalamus first
Hypothalamic hormones only need to be produced in small amounts but are still delivered at relatively high concentrations

22
Q

What factors regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion?

A

Hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones

Feedback by target gland hormones

23
Q

What type of hormones are hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones?

A

Small peptide hormones

24
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of TSH and PRL?

A

TRH

25
Q

Which hormone is identical to dopamine?

A

PIH

26
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of ACTH?

A

CRH

27
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of FSH and LH?

A

GnRH

28
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of GH?

A

GHRH

29
Q

Which hormone inhibits the release of GH and TSH?

A

GHIH

30
Q

Which hormone inhibits release of PRL?

A

PIH/dopamine

31
Q

Which hormone stimulates the release of PRL?

A

PRH

32
Q

What is ultra short loop feedback?

A

Hormone regulates itself

33
Q

What is short loop feedback?

A

Anterior pituitary regulates hypothalamic hormone

34
Q

What is long loop feedback?

A

Regulation occurs further down the chain

REB (29 decks)

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