2. Hypothalamus/Pituitary 1 Flashcards
Which glands do the hypothalamus and pituitary regulate the function of?
Thyroid
Adrenal
Reproductive
Where is the hypothalamus located?
Below the thalamus
Above the pituitary
Either side of the 3rd ventricle
Which areas of the brain in particular is the hypothalamus linked to?
Limbic system
Autonomic brainstem
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Sella Turcica- a bony cavity in the base of the brain
What is the other name for the anterior pituitary?
Adenohypophysis
What is the other name for the posterior pituitary?
Neurohypophysis
What does the anterior pituitary arise from?
Pouching of epithelium of the pharynx
Rathke’s pouch
What type of cells are found in the anterior pituitary?
Epitheloid
What does the posterior pituitary arise from?
Neural tissue outgrowth of the hypothalamus itself
What type of cells are found in the posterior pituitary?
Glial-type cells
How does the posterior pituitary connect to the hypothalamus?
Neural pathway
How does the anterior pituitary connect to the hypothalamus?
Unique vascular link
What are the two types of neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamus?
Supraoptic
Paraventricular
Which neurosecretory neurons make vasopressin?
Supraoptic
Which neurosecretory neurons make oxytocin?
Paraventricular
What is the name of the ‘carrier proteins’ that hormones leave the hypothalamus attached to?
Neurophysins
Which hormones does the anterior pituitary produce?
Growth hormone Adrenocorticotropin Thyroid-stimulating hormone Follicle stimulating hormone Leutinizing hormone Prolactin
What is the alternative name for growth hormone?
Somatotropin
What are the five cell types in the anterior pituitary?
Somatotropes Corticotropes Thyrotropes Gonadotropes Lactotropes
What is the anatomical and functional link between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?
Hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system
Why is the hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system so important?
All blood supplied to anterior pituitary passes through the hypothalamus first
Hypothalamic hormones only need to be produced in small amounts but are still delivered at relatively high concentrations
What factors regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion?
Hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones
Feedback by target gland hormones
What type of hormones are hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones?
Small peptide hormones
Which hormone stimulates the release of TSH and PRL?
TRH
