#2.3 : Leading and Controlling

Question 1

This management function involves inspiring and influencing people in the organization to achieve a common goal.

Answer 1

Leading

Question 2

It pertains to the unique combination of physical and mental characteristics that affect how individuals react to a situation and interact with others, and if unhealthy or not fully functioning could cause conflicts/problems among them.

Answer 2

Personality

Question 3

This leader is very clear about what needs to be done, when, and how. With no opportunity for discussion or negotiation.

Answer 3

Autocratic Leadership

Question 4

These leaders are exciting and appealing and sweep others along with their ideas. The main downside to this type of leadership is its reliance on a single person.

Answer 4

Charismatic Leadership

Question 5

These leaders can make huge changes by considering existing structures and systems and transforming them to better suit their organization and its needs.

Answer 5

Transformational Leadership

Question 6

This type of leader is very hands-off and relaxed. They do not make demands on their group but neither do they offer regular guidance.

Answer 6

Laissez-faire

Question 7

Once an employee accepts a job with this style of leadership they must obey their leader. This style is very straightforward and has a clearly defined structure. It is limited by its inability to encourage creativity in employees.

Answer 7

Transactional Leadership

Question 8

Good at delegating tasks and making sure employees have the tools, knowledge, and skills they need for their job. By listening and being attentive to their team they work through problems and issues as they arise.

Answer 8

Supportive Leader

Question 9

This style encourages shared responsibility, delegation, and consultation. They promote equality and encourage their team to become part of the decision-making process.

Answer 9

Democratic Leadership

Question 10

Process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and ethically amid constant change; deals with planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling.

Answer 10

Managing

Question 11

5 personality traits in the Big Five Model

Answer 11

Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness to experience

Question 12

sociable, talkative, and assertive.

Answer 12

Extraversion

Question 13

sociable, talkative, and assertive.

Answer 13

Extraversion

Question 14

responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement-oriented

Answer 14

Conscientiousness

Question 15

calm, enthusiastic, and secure (positive), or tense, nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative)

Answer 15

Emotional Stability

Question 16

imaginative, artistically sensitive, and intellectual

Answer 16

Openness to experience

Question 17

It pertains to the ability to manage one’s self and positively interact with others.

Answer 17

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Question 18

4 Components of EI

Answer 18

1. Self-awareness
2. Self-management
3. Social awareness
4. Relationship management

Question 19

Employee behavior that exceeds work role requirements. ; Behaviors that go beyond the call of duty.

Answer 19

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)

Question 20

The extent to which an individual employee identifies with an organization and its goals ; An important work attitude because committed individuals are expected to display a willingness to work harder.

Answer 20

Organizational Commitment

Question 21

It refers to employees’ general attitude toward their respective jobs ; Those who have a high level of ____ __________ have a positive attitude toward their respective jobs.

Answer 21

Job Satisfaction and Productivity

Question 22

Refers to psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior ; Encourages individuals to work enthusiastically, often performing more work than what is required.

Answer 22

Motivation

Question 23

It revolved around the idea that motivation is brought about by employees’ desire to fulfill their need, their work habits, and their job satisfaction.

Answer 23

Early Theories of Motivation

Question 24

It emerged to respond to the need to explain certain aspects of leadership, and to better understand what drives success in this area.

Answer 24

Leadership Theories

Question 25

Based on leader traits or personal characteristics that differentiate leaders from followers. (theory)

Answer 25

Trait Theory

Question 26

Focuses on the behavior, action, conduct, demeanor, or deportment of a leader instead of his/her personality traits. (theory)

Answer 26

Behavioral Theory

Question 27

It states that leaders guide their subordinates toward the achievement of their organizational goals by using social exchange or transactions and by offering rewards in exchange for their productivity. (theory)

Answer 27

Transactional Leadership Model

Question 28

It states that leaders inspire or transform followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes. (theory)

Answer 28

Transformational Leadership Model

Question 29

It states that leaders who have a _________ personality are able to influence their subordinates to follow them. (theory)

Answer 29

Charismatic Leadership Theory

Question 30

It states that leaders are able to make their subordinates follow because of their ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision that may improve present conditions or circumstances. (theory)

Answer 30

Visionary Leadership Theory

Question 31

It is a theory that emerged because of the fact that leadership is increasingly taking place within a team context and that more companies are now utilizing work teams led or guided by leaders. (theory)

Answer 31

Team Leadership Theory

Question 32

It focuses on increased service to others rather than to themselves.

Answer 32

Servant Leadership Theory

Question 33

The exchange of information and understanding. ; Applies to all management functions

Answer 33

Communication

Question 34

General purpose of Communication

Answer 34

To bring positive changes that influence activities leading to the firm’s welfare.

Question 35

It involves communication flow between people belonging to different organizational levels. (direction and flow)

Answer 35

Vertical

Question 36

From an employee who belongs to a lower hierarchical level to the boss/manager who belongs to a higher hierarchical level.(direction and flow)

Answer 36

Upward

Question 37

From the manager, who belongs to a higher hierarchical level, to employees, who belong to a lower hierarchical level.(direction and flow)

Answer 37

Downward

Question 38

Takes place among employees belonging to the same hierarchical level. (direction and flow)

Answer 38

Horizontal/Lateral

Question 39

Entails communicating with someone or others who belong to different departments/units and different hierarchical levels. (direction and flow)

Answer 39

Diagonal

Question 40

6 Barriers to Communication

Answer 40

Filtering, Emotions, Defensiveness, Information Overload, Language, National Culture

Question 41

The shaping of information communicated to make it look good or advantageous to the receiver

Answer 41

Filtering

Question 42

The interpretation of communications may be influenced by extreme emotions felt by the receiver.

Answer 42

Emotions

Question 43

Since too much information received may have a negative effect on a person’s processing capacity.

Answer 43

Information Overload

Question 44

The act of self-protection when people are threatened by something or someone.

Answer 44

Defensiveness

Question 45

Words used may have different meanings to different people belonging to different age, educational, or cultural group.

Answer 45

Language

Question 46

Just like language, the prevailing _________ _________ may also cause problems, especially if it is a multinational company

Answer 46

National Culture

Question 47

Overcoming Communication Barriers

Answer 47

``` ➢ Using Feedback ➢ Using Simple Language ➢ Active Listening ➢ Controlling Emotions ➢ Observing Body Language ```

Question 48

A management function that involves ensuring that the work performance of the organization’s members is aligned with the organization’s values and standards through monitoring, comparing and correcting their actions.

Answer 48

Controlling

Question 49

It makes sure that there is continuous monitoring of the organization’s activities, followed by corrective actions based on previously planned programs of action.

Answer 49

Management Control