#2.3 : Leading and Controlling Flashcards
This management function involves inspiring and influencing people in the organization to achieve a common goal.
Leading
It pertains to the unique combination of physical and mental characteristics that affect how individuals react to a situation and interact with others, and if unhealthy or not fully functioning could cause conflicts/problems among them.
Personality
This leader is very clear about what needs to be done, when, and how. With no opportunity for discussion or negotiation.
Autocratic Leadership
These leaders are exciting and appealing and sweep others along with their ideas. The main downside to this type of leadership is its reliance on a single person.
Charismatic Leadership
These leaders can make huge changes by considering existing structures and systems and transforming them to better suit their organization and its needs.
Transformational Leadership
This type of leader is very hands-off and relaxed. They do not make demands on their group but neither do they offer regular guidance.
Laissez-faire
Once an employee accepts a job with this style of leadership they must obey their leader. This style is very straightforward and has a clearly defined structure. It is limited by its inability to encourage creativity in employees.
Transactional Leadership
Good at delegating tasks and making sure employees have the tools, knowledge, and skills they need for their job. By listening and being attentive to their team they work through problems and issues as they arise.
Supportive Leader
This style encourages shared responsibility, delegation, and consultation. They promote equality and encourage their team to become part of the decision-making process.
Democratic Leadership
Process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and ethically amid constant change; deals with planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling.
Managing
5 personality traits in the Big Five Model
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness to experience
sociable, talkative, and assertive.
Extraversion
sociable, talkative, and assertive.
Extraversion
responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement-oriented
Conscientiousness
calm, enthusiastic, and secure (positive), or tense, nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative)
Emotional Stability
imaginative, artistically sensitive, and intellectual
Openness to experience
It pertains to the ability to manage one’s self and positively interact with others.
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
4 Components of EI
- Self-awareness
- Self-management
- Social awareness
- Relationship management
Employee behavior that exceeds work role requirements. ; Behaviors that go beyond the call of duty.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
The extent to which an individual employee identifies with an organization and its goals ; An important work attitude because committed individuals are expected to display a willingness to work harder.
Organizational Commitment
It refers to employees’ general attitude toward their respective jobs ; Those who have a high level of ____ __________ have a positive attitude toward their respective jobs.
Job Satisfaction and Productivity
Refers to psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior ; Encourages individuals to work enthusiastically, often performing more work than what is required.
Motivation
It revolved around the idea that motivation is brought about by employees’ desire to fulfill their need, their work habits, and their job satisfaction.
Early Theories of Motivation
It emerged to respond to the need to explain certain aspects of leadership, and to better understand what drives success in this area.
Leadership Theories
Based on leader traits or personal characteristics that differentiate leaders from followers. (theory)
Trait Theory
Focuses on the behavior, action, conduct, demeanor, or deportment of a leader instead of his/her personality traits. (theory)
Behavioral Theory
It states that leaders guide their subordinates toward the achievement of their organizational goals by using social exchange or transactions and by offering rewards in exchange for their productivity. (theory)
Transactional Leadership Model
It states that leaders inspire or transform followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes. (theory)
Transformational Leadership Model
It states that leaders who have a _________ personality are able to influence their subordinates to follow them. (theory)
Charismatic Leadership Theory
It states that leaders are able to make their subordinates follow because of their ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision that may improve present conditions or circumstances. (theory)
Visionary Leadership Theory
It is a theory that emerged because of the fact that leadership is increasingly taking place within a team context and that more companies are now utilizing work teams led or guided by leaders. (theory)
Team Leadership Theory
It focuses on increased service to others rather than to themselves.
Servant Leadership Theory
The exchange of information and understanding. ; Applies to all management functions
Communication
General purpose of Communication
To bring positive changes that influence activities leading to the firm’s welfare.
It involves communication flow between people belonging to different organizational levels. (direction and flow)
Vertical
From an employee who belongs to a lower hierarchical level to the boss/manager who belongs to a higher hierarchical level.(direction and flow)
Upward
From the manager, who belongs to a higher hierarchical level, to employees, who belong to a lower hierarchical level.(direction and flow)
Downward
Takes place among employees belonging to the same hierarchical level. (direction and flow)
Horizontal/Lateral
Entails communicating with someone or others who belong to different departments/units and different hierarchical levels. (direction and flow)
Diagonal
6 Barriers to Communication
Filtering, Emotions, Defensiveness, Information Overload, Language, National Culture
The shaping of information communicated to make it look good or advantageous to the receiver
Filtering
The interpretation of communications may be influenced by extreme emotions felt by the receiver.
Emotions
Since too much information received may have a negative effect on a person’s processing capacity.
Information Overload
The act of self-protection when people are threatened by something or someone.
Defensiveness
Words used may have different meanings to different people belonging to different age, educational, or cultural group.
Language
Just like language, the prevailing _________ _________ may also cause problems, especially if it is a multinational company
National Culture
Overcoming Communication Barriers
➢ Using Feedback ➢ Using Simple Language ➢ Active Listening ➢ Controlling Emotions ➢ Observing Body Language
A management function that involves ensuring that the work performance of the organization’s members is aligned with the organization’s values and standards through monitoring, comparing and correcting their actions.
Controlling
It makes sure that there is continuous monitoring of the organization’s activities, followed by corrective actions based on previously planned programs of action.
Management Control
