23. Hierarchy of Controls Flashcards
Most common hierarchy of control stated by___, they are also in ____ standard
NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
ISO 45001
Levels of PPE
Should be selected when the highest level of respiratory protection is needed and some degree of skin protection is required. This is the minimum recommendation for initial site entry where contamination is unknown.
Level B
Comprised of normal, everyday work clothes with no respiratory protection and minimal skin protection, although optional PPE can be added.
Level D
Should be selected when the types and concentrations of airborne contaminants are known, the criteria for using air-purifying respirators are met, and direct contact does not pose a skin hazard.
Level C
The highest level of protection. This is required when: * Conditions at a site are unknown; * Hazardous substances have been identified that require a high level of protection for skin, eyes, and the respiratory system; * There is potential for splash, immersion, or exposure to vapors, particulates, or gases that are harmful to the skin or may be absorbed through the skin; * Confined-space entry may be involved and the need for Level A cannot be ruled out; AND, * The skin absorption hazard may likely result in immediate death or serious illness or injury, or impair the ability to escape.
Level A
Which institutions describe the four levels of PPE?
OSHA and EPA
Modified leve D PPE?
Same as level D in respiration protection but skin protection is the same to the level C
Modified leve D PPE?
Same as level D in respiration protection but skin protection is the same to the level C
This is the movement of chemicals through zippers, seams, or imperfections in a protective clothing material.
Penetration
The process by which a chemical dissolves in, or moves through, a material on a molecular basis.
Permeation
An acceptable CPC is one where the ______ exceeds the expected period of CPC use
permeation breakthrough time
Factors that affects the permeation
- Time of exposition
- Concentration (pressure)
- Temperature
- Physical state
Where is available information about chemicals and CPC?
- SDS
- CPC manufacturers
- NIOSH
- CDC (Center for Desease Control and Exposure)
An approach that prioritizes a hazard-free and healthy work environment through the application of a hazard control and prevention approach, consistent with the traditional hierarchy of controls model.
Total Worker Health
According to NIOSH, this must perform the following five control steps in order, or simultaneously:
TOTAL WORKER HEALTH HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS MODEL
- Eliminate workplace conditions that cause or contribute to worker illness and injury or otherwise negatively impact well-being;
- Replace unsafe, unhealthy working conditions or practices with safer, health-enhancing policies, programs, and management practices that improve the culture of safety and health in the workplace;
- Redesign the work environment to remove impediments to well-being, enhance employer-sponsored benefits, and provide flexible work schedules;
- Provide safety and health education and resources to enhance individual knowledge for all workers; AND,
- Encourage personal change that will assist workers with individual risks and challenges and provide support for healthier choices.
Total Worker Health
The Total Worker Health (TWH) approach prioritizes a hazard-free work environment for all workers. It also brings together all aspects of work in integrated interventions that collectively address worker safety, health, and well-being. Traditional occupational safety and health protection programs have primarily concentrated on ensuring that work is safe and that workers are protected from the harms that arise from work itself. TWH builds on this approach through the recognition that work is a social determinant of healthexternal icon. Job-related factors such as wages, work hours, workload, interactions with coworkers and supervisors, and access to paid leave impact the well-being of workers, their families, and their communities. The long-term vision of the TWH program is to protect the safety and health of workers and advance their well-being by creating safer and healthier work.
___; an arc welding process that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld.
TIG: Tungsten Inert Gas
___: an arc welding process in which a continuous solid wire electrode is fed through a welding gun and into the weld pool, joining the two base materials together. A shielding gas is also sent through the welding gun and protects the weld pool from contamination.
Metal Inert Gas
A gas safety device most commonly used in oxy-fuel welding and cutting to stop the flame or reverse flow of gas back up into the equipment or supply line.
Flashback Arrestor
Separation of gas fuel containers from oxygen container
20 feet (6 m) or
A non-combustible barrier of 5 ft (1.5 m) of height and 30 minute fire-resistance, also, barrier must be extend 18 in above or beyond the tallest cylinder
The primary voltage inside the welding equipment can be as high as ___ and a welder can be shocked by touching two different objects with voltage differences.
600 volts
Which is associated to arc welding as a serious hazard?
Electric Shock
Gas welding often uses ____ with the combination of a torch to form a flame.
Acetylene
Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work
NFPA 51B “Standard for Fire Prevention During Welding, Cutting, and Other Hot Work”
Radius of protection in hot work
35 feet (10.7 m)
According NFPA 51B, hot work permit is necessary when it is no possible to warranty ____
The 35 ft protection radius
Designated area
A specific location designed and approved for hot work. operations that is maintained fire safe such as a maintenance shop or a detached outside location. that is of noncombustible or fire-resistive construction, essentially free of combustible
How long should the hot work permit main posted?
The entire time of the hot work
These refer to the failures in the management system.
Root causes
What safety standard includes in addition: scope of the incidents to be investigated, timeframes and who should participate in the process?
ANSI Z-10 OSH Management System
These describe the characteristic performance of the system as a whole, looking beyond the structure and components of the system. (accident investigation)
Systemic Accident Models
An example of a systemic model is the ________________ which is a comprehensive and analytical method for determining the causes and contributing factors of major incidents.
Management Oversight and Risk Tree
A second example of a systemic accident model is the __________. This views the causes of incidents as inadequate control or enforcement of safety-related constraints on the design, development, and operation of the system.
Systems-Theoretic Accident Modeling and Processes
Which investigation method is related to six sigma quality methodology and to Toyota?
The 5 Whys
Which methods of investigation have their roots in quality assurance?
The 5 Whys
Fishbone / Ishikawa / Cause Effect Diagram
In ___ analysis, most of the effort is directed at identifying problems in the control of a work/process and deficiencies in the protective barriers associated with it. These problems are then analysed for their origins in planning, design, policy, etc
Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT) analysis
The ___ includes the ability to analyze an incident using knowledge of system functions, characteristics, and component interrelationships instead of assumptions or beliefes. It is base in the theory of systems and control
Systems-Theoretic Accident Modeling and Processes (STAMP)
____ refers to inspections as checklists and discusses how they can be one of the tools used to hazard identification and assessment.
ANSI Z10
Which is a benefit of use team-approach in an inspection?
Create awareness
Which information does the first section of inspection report contain?
Equipment being inspected
When planning for a safety audit, which should be asked for?
Why are the audits being done?
Criterion selection for audits must be (3)
- Valid
- Sensitive
- Measurable
OSHA Safety and Health Self-evaluation tool (for audits) (7)
- Management leadership
- Hazard identification and assessment
- Hazard prevention and control
- Training and education
- Worker participation
- Program evaluation and improvement
- Communication and coordination for contractors, host employers and staffing agencies
Issues considered in ANSI Z.10 for conducting audits, which then are divided into 23 sections
- Hazards
- Risks
- Management system deficiencies
- Opportunities for improvement
What is the LIKERT scale?
To assess audits:
1. Outstanding
2. Excellent
3. Very good
4. Average
5. Below average
During the post-audit meeting, the auditor should be sure to distinguish between documentation and ___
Performance
In tort law, a ___ is a legal obligation that is imposed on an individual, requiring adherence to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others. It is the first element that must be established to proceed with an action in negligence.
DUTY OF CARE
When can a breach of duty of care occurs?
When there is a proximate harm.
Which is the purpose con a Code of Ethics?
To establish the highest principles and standards in a profession.
BCSP Code of Ethics
1st Standard
- HOLD paramount the safety and health of people, the protection of the environment and protection of property in the performance of professional duties and exercise their obligation to advise employers, clients, employees, the public, and appropriate authorities of danger and unacceptable risks to people, the environment, or property.
BCSP Code of Ethics
2nd Standard
BE honest, fair, and impartial; act with responsibility and integrity. Adhere to high standards of ethical conduct with balanced care for the interests of the public, employers, clients, employees, colleagues and the profession. Avoid all conduct or practice that is likely to discredit the profession or deceive the public.
BCSP Code of Ethics
3rd Standard
ISSUE public statements only in an objective and truthful manner and only when founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter.
BCSP Code of Ethics
4th Standard
UNDERTAKE assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved. Accept responsibility for their continued professional development by acquiring and maintaining competence through continuing education, experience, professional training and keeping current on relevant legal issues.
BCSP Code of Ethics
5th Standard
AVOID deceptive acts that falsify or misrepresent their academic or professional qualifications. Not misrepresent or exaggerate their degree of responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments. Presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees, associates, or past accomplishments with the intent and purpose of enhancing their qualifications and their work.
BCSP Code of Ethics
6th Standard
CONDUCT their professional relations by the highest standards of integrity and avoid compromise of their professional judgment by conflicts of interest. When becoming aware of professional misconduct by a BCSP certificant, take steps to bring that misconduct to the attention of the Board of Certified Safety Professionals.
BCSP Code of Ethics
7th Standard
ACT in a manner free of bias with regard to religion, ethnicity, gender, age, national origin, sexual orientation, or disability.
BCSP Code of Ethics
8th Standard
SEEK opportunities to be of constructive service in civic affairs and work for the advancement of the safety, health and well- being of their community and their profession by sharing their knowledge and skills.
Inverse Square Law of the Sound
