#23. Allergic and autoimmune conjunctivitis. Vernal conjunctivitis. Lymphatic keratoconjunctivitis. Degenerations the conjunctiva - pinguecula and pterygium. Dry eye syndrome. Flashcards
What is ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS?
- INFLAMMATION of CONJUNCTIVA
- Due to ALLERGIC / HYPERSENSTIVITY Reactions
What are the 6 TYPES of ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS?
1) SIMPLE ALLERGIC Conjunctivitis
2) VERNAL KERATOConjunctivitis
3) ATOPIC KERATOConjunctivitis
4) GIANT PAPILLARY Conjunctivitis
5) LYMPHATIC KERATOConjunctivitis
6) CONTACT DERMOConjunctivitis
1| What is SIMPLE ALLERGIC Conjunctivitis?
MILD, NON-SPECIFIC Allergic Conjunctivitis
1| What is the TYPES & CAUSES (Etiology) of SIMPLE ALLERGIC Conjunctivitis?
List them.
a. HAY FEVER Conjunctivitis
- Pollens
- Grass
- Animal Dandruff
b. SEASONAL ALLERGIC Conjunctivitis = RESPONSE to SEASONAL Allergens such as;
- Pollens
- Grass
c. PERENNIAL ALLERGIC Conjunctivitis = RESPONSE to PERENNIAL Allergens such as;
- House Dust
- Mite
What are the CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS of SIMPLE ALLERGIC Conjunctivitis?
- Eye Itching
- Hyperaemia
- Lid Oedema
- Conjunctival Oedema = CHEMOSIS
1| What is the TREATMENT for SIMPLE ALLERGIC Conjunctivitis?
- ELIMINATING Allergens (IF Possible!)
- ANIT-HISTAMINES
- LOCAL Palliative Measures
2| What is VERNAL KERATOConjunctivitis?
- RECURRENT
- BILATERAL
- SELF-LIMITING
AKA Warm Weather Conjunctivitis
2| What is CAUSE (Etiology) of VERNAL KERATOConjunctivitis?
EXOGENOUS Allergens = Grass Pollens
2| What are the CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS of VERNAL KERATOConjunctivitis?
- MARKED Burning / Itching Sensation (INTOLERABLE)
- MILD Photophobia
- Lacrimation, Discharge
- Heaviness of Lids
2| What is the TREATMENT for VERNAL KERATOConjunctivitis?
- TOPICAL / ORAL Steroids
- MAST CELL Stabilizers
- TOPICAL / SYTEMIC Anti-Histamines
- DARK GOGGLES = Prevent Photophobia
5| What is LYMPHATIC KERATOConjunctivitis?
- Characteristic NODULAR INFECTION
- Occurring as ALLERGIC RESPONSE to Conjunctival / Corneal Epithelium
- TO ENDOGENOUS Allergens
5| What is the CAUSE (Etiology) of LYMPHATIC KERATOConjunctivitis?
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY Response (Type IV)
- TO ENDOGENOUS Microbial Proteins
a. Tuberculous Proteins
b. Staphylococcus Proteins
5| What is the PATHOLOGY STAGES of LYMPHATIC KERATOConjunctivitis?
1) Stage of NODULE Formation
2) Stage of ULCERATION
3) Stage of GRANULATION
4) Stage of HEALING
5| What is the CLINICAL MANIFESTATION of LYMPHATIC KERATOConjunctivitis?
- Eye Discomfort
- Irritation
- Reflex Watering
- Hyperaemia
- Presence of Nodules
- Ulceration
5| What is the TREATMENT for LYMPHATIC KERATOConjunctivitis?
- TOPICAL Steroids
- Antibiotics DROPS
- Ointment = Treat SECONDARY Infx
- ATROPINE
What are the 2 DEGENERATIONS of the Conjunctiva?
1) Pinguecula
2) Pterygium
What is PINGUECULA?
- A COMMON Degenerative Condition of the Conjunctiva
- The FORMATION of YELLOWISH-WHITISH Patch on BULBAR Conjunctiva
- NEAR the LIMBUS
- NO Treatment !
What is the CAUSE of PINGUECULA?
- Unknown Cause
- Associated with
a. EXPOSURE to STRONG Sunlight (UV Rays)
b. Dust
c. Wind
What is the PATHOLOGY of PINGUECULA?
1) DEGNERATION of COLLAGEN Fibres of SUBSTANTIA PROPRIA of Conjunctiva
2) ALONG with DEPOSITION of AMORPHOUS HYALINE Material in SUBSTANCE of Conjunctiva
What are the CLINICAL FEATURES of PINGUECULA?
- BILATERAL = Yellow-whitish TRIANGULAR Patch near LIMBUS
- APEX of Triangle is AWAY FROM the Cornea
What is PTERYGIUM?
- A WING-SHAPED FOLD of the Conjunctiva
- APEX being TOWARDS the Cornea
What is the CAUSE of PTERYGIUM?
- Unknown Cause
- MORE COMMON in individuals living in HOT CLIMATES
- Associated with:
a. PROLONGED EXPOSURE to Sun (UV Rays)
b. HIGH Heat
c. Wind
d. Dust
What are the CLINICAL FEATURES of PTERYGIUM?
- Either UNILATERAL / BILATERAL
- TRIANGLE FOLD of Conjunctiva, ENCROACHING the Cornea on the NASAL SIDE!
- Asymptomatic in EARLY Stages
- Visual Disturbances (Encroaching)
What is DRY EYE SYNDROME?
- A SYNDROME COMPLEX (NOT a Disease!)
- DUE to DEFICIENCY / ABNORMALITIES of Tear Film
