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Ophthalmology > #21. Conjunctivitis – types, signs, treatment. > Flashcards

#21. Conjunctivitis – types, signs, treatment. Flashcards

1
Q

What is Conjunctivitis?

A

Inflammation of the Conjunctiva (transparent membrane that lines the eyelid + eyeball)

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2
Q

What are the 4 TYPES of CONJUNCTIVITIS?

A

1) PURULENT Conjunctivitis

2) ACUTE MEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis

3) PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis

4) CHRONIC CATARRHAL Conjunctivitis

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3
Q

What is PURULENT Conjunctivitis?

A

Characterised by VIOLENT Inflammatory Response

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4
Q

What are the 2 FORMS of PURULENT Conjunctivitis?

A

A) ADULT Purulent Conjunctivitis

B) OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM (Infants)

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5
Q

What are the CAUSES of ADULT Purulent Conjunctivitis?

A

Bacteria
- N. Gonorrhoea
- N. Meningitidis

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6
Q

What are the CLINICAL SIGNS & SYMPTOMS of ADULT Purulent Conjunctivitis?

A
  • PROFUSE Purulent DISCHARGE
  • QUICK Progression
  • STRONGLY MARKED Palpebral OEDEMA
  • CHEMOSIS (Oedema of Conjunctiva) AROUND the LIMBUS
  • Corneal INVOLVEMENT
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7
Q

What is the TREATMENT for ADULT Purulent Conjunctivitis?

A

1) SYSTEMIC Antibiotic Therapy
- NORFLOXACIN
- SPECTINOMYCIN

2) TOPICAL Antibiotic Therapy = OFLAXACIN Eye Drops

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8
Q

What is OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM (Infants)?

A
  • It is BILATERAL (Both eyes) Inflammation of Conjunctiva, IN INFANTS
  • UNDER 30 Days old
  • Infection occurs BEFORE / DURING / AFTER Birth
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9
Q

What are the CAUSES of OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM (Infants)?

A
  • CHEMICALS = Silver Nitrate
  • BACTERIA = Gonococcal Infections
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10
Q

What are the CLINICAL SIGNS & SYMPTOMS of OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM (Infants)?

A
  • PAIN / TENDERNESS in eyeball
  • PURULENT Conjunctival DISCHARGE
  • SWOLLEN Eyelids
  • Hyperaemia
  • CHEMOSIS (Oedema of Conjunctiva)
  • Corneal INVOLVEMENT
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11
Q

What is ACUTE MEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis?

A
  • ACUTE Inflammation of the Conjunctiva
  • Where there’s FORMATION of TRUE MEMBRANE (Deposition of Fibrinous Exudate) on the Conjunctiva
  • AFFECTS Children of 2 - 8 y/o that ARE NOT IMMUNISED AGAINST Diphtheria
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12
Q

What is the CAUSE of ACUTE MEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis?

A

Bacteria = C. Diphtheriae

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13
Q

What are the CLINICAL FEATURES of ACUTE MEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis?

Explain the Stages

A

1) INFILTRATION Stage
- SCANTY Conjunctival Discharge
- SEVERE Pain in the eye
- SWOLLEN / HARD eyelids
- REDNESS in Conjunctiva
- COVERED with THICK GREY-YELLOW Membrane

2) SUPPURATION Stage
- Pain DECREASES
- Lids BECOME SOFT
- Membrane is SLOUGHED OFF
- Purulent DISCHARGE

3) CICATRISATION Stage

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14
Q

What is the TREATMENT for ACUTE MEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis?

A

1) TOPICAL Therapy
- Penicillin Eye drops
- Anti-Diphtheric Serum
- Broad Spectrum Antibiotic Ointments

2) SYSTEMIC Therapy
- Crystalline Penicillin
- Anti-Diphtheric Serum

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15
Q

What is PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis?

A
  • Type of Conjunctivitis that’s characterised by PSEUDOMEMBRANE FORMATION
  • Can be EASILY PEELED OFF, leaving behind INTACT Conjunctival Epithelium
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16
Q

What are the CAUSES of PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis?

A

1) BACTERIAL
- C. Diphtheriae
- Staphylococci + Streptococci
- H. Influenzae

2) VIRAL
- Herpes Simplex
- Adenovirus

3) CHEMICALS
- Acids
- Ammonias
- Silver Nitrate

17
Q

What is the PATHOLOGY of PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis?

A

1) The AGENTS produce inflammation on the Conjunctiva

2) Where FIBRINOUS EXUDATE is spread on the surface of the Conjunctiva

3) LEADING to FORM a PSEUDOMEMBRANE

18
Q

What is the CLINICAL PICTURE of PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS Conjunctivitis?

A
  • Has a THIN, YELLOW-WHITISH Membrane
  • Seen in FORNICES & PALPEBRAL CONJUNCTIVA
  • Peeled off EASILY
  • DOES NOT Bleed!
19
Q

What is CHRONIC CATARRHAL Conjunctivitis?

A

Conjunctivitis that’s characterised by MILD CATARRHAL inflammation

20
Q

What is the CAUSE of CHRONIC CATARRHAL Conjunctivitis?

A
  • CHRONIC Exposure to
    a. Dust
    b. Smoke
    c. Chemical Irritants
  • FOREIGN Body
  • BACTERIA
    a. S. Aureus
    b. E. Coli
    c. K. Pneumoniae
21
Q

How does CHRONIC CATARRHAL Conjunctivitis work?

A

1) CONTINUATION of ACUTE Mucopurulent Conjunctivitis = Left UNTREATED

2) CHRONIC Infection from ASSOCIATED Chronic RHINITIS / UPPER Respiratory Catarrh

3) MILD EXOGENOUS Infx, DUE to Direct Contact / Air-borne

22
Q

What is the CLINICAL PICTURE of CHRONIC CATARRHAL Conjunctivitis?

A
  • Burning
  • Mild Chronic Redness
  • Feeling Heat / Dryness on Lid Margins
  • Difficulty keep eyes open
  • MILD Mucous DISCHARGE
  • SURFACE of Conjunctiva looks STICKY
23
Q

What is the TREATMENT for CHRONIC CATARRHAL Conjunctivitis?

A
  • Predisposing Factors to TREATED / ELIMINATED
  • TOPICAL Antibiotics
  • ASTRINGENT Eye Drops (Symptomatic Relief)

Ophthalmology (44 decks)

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