2.3 Flashcards
Bond with the highest EN difference
Ionic
EN and Ionic bonds
EN difference is do big that instead of sharing electrons an atom(non metal) will rip an electron from a metal
metals tend to
lose electrons
non metals tend to
gain electrons
Why do atoms bond
in an attempt to become more stable
What makes atoms the most stable?
A full valence shell
What does a full valence shell have to do with the stability of an atom?
It makes it more stable.
What is the octet rule?
The outer shell of an atom is full
(8 valence e-)
What are the exceptions to the octet rule?
Hydrogen and Helium
When are Hydrogen and Helium stable?
When they have both of their valence electrons
(2 valence e-)
When going left to right on the periodic table the number of valence e- __
Increases by one.
The number of valence e- increases by one when you move __ to __ on the periodic table
left to right
From top to bottom on the periodic table the valence shell moves __ from the nucleus
further away
The valence shell moves further away from the nucleus when you move __ to __ on the periodic table
top to bottom
From bottom to top on the periodic table the valence shell moves __ the nucleus
closer to
The valence shell moves closer to the nucleus when you move __ to __ on the periodic table
bottom to top
Why don’t noble gases bond with other things?
because they already have full octets
Full octets=
stability
What is electronegativity?
The measure of how strongly atoms attract new bonding electrons to themselves
What is the measure of how strongly atoms attract new bonding electrons to themselves?
Electronegativity
What element has the highest EN?
Fluorine
Fluorine has the __ EN
highest
What element has the lowest EN?
Francium
Francium has the __ EN
Lowest
Bonding electrons are shared unequally in what type of covalent bond?
Polar
Characteristics of a polar bond:
low EN/weak pull or high EN/strong pull
think: if something is polar it has north and south POLES
Characteristics of a nonpolar bond
equal EN/ equal pull
Put polar, non, and ionic in order of most to least electron negative:
(most)Ionic, polar, non polar(least)
What happens to bonding electrons in an ionic bond
They get ripped away from one atom(metal) and added to another(non metal)
Why do electrons get ripped away instead of sharing in ionic bonds?
because the electron negativity difference is so big
