227 midterm prep

Question 1

What does the quality of evidence include? (SPAARC)

Answer 1

• Sufficiency: appropriate based on the claim
• Precision: quantitative vs. qualitative
• Accuracy: validate with independent sources
• Authority: relevant knowledge based on
  experience & training
• Representativeness: relatedness to the claim
• Clarity: clear explanation of how information
  supports the claim

Question 2

Sufficiency meaning?

Answer 2

• What is the importance of the claim? What are the potential implications of insufficient evidence?
• Data from thousands of people for politicians to push for major change in laws

Question 3

Precision Meaning?

Answer 3

• Relates numbers and quotes e.g., The attendance is good vs. The attendance is 90%

Question 4

Accuracy meaning?

Answer 4

2 ways to proceed:
1) do our own research to verify the accuracy or
2) use proxies to evaluate accuracy:
trivial errors, grammar, spelling mistakes, inaccurate quotes, or lack of precision

Question 5

Authority Meaning?

Answer 5

Training, credentials, experience of others. Scientists cite other scientists, or celebrities endorse a particular diet?

Question 6

Representativeness meaning?

Answer 6

• Variety in the sources of evidence should match the variety in the population
• Interviewed people who had quit or been fired and claimed how terrible the company

Question 7

Clarity Meaning?

Answer 7

Quantitative data, tables, figures, charts, and direct quotations should be explained

Question 8

What are the characteristics of high performance teams? (5)

Answer 8

• Complementary skills (diverse perspectives)
• Shared purpose (belief in the value of the
  objective)
• Productive norms (what is
  acceptable/unacceptable)
• Mutual Accountability (strong mutual trust)
• Small Size

Question 9

What are the 5 Cs of Norms?

Answer 9

• Confidence, Cooperation, Coordination, Cohesion and Conflict

Question 10

What is the difference Responsibility vs accountability

Answer 10

Responsibility: relates to tasks and projects
Accountability: refers to someones duty to carry out a task to completion.

Question 11

Define the basis of power (referent, reward, legitimate, expert, coercive)

Answer 11

Referent: Associated with charisma,
approachable, and fame
Reward: Ability to provide others with rewards
Legitimate: power provided by a role/position
Expert: Knowledge, experience, skills
Coercive: ability to get someone to do something

Question 12

What 3 forces determine effective leadership?

Answer 12

Situational, managerial, employee

Question 13

What are the managerial forces (2)?

Answer 13

1) Confidence in employees
2) value system (belief that individuals should share in decision making)

Question 14

What are the Employee forces (2)?

Answer 14

1) Genuinely interested in the problem
2) need for independence

Question 14

What are the situational forces (2)?

Answer 14

1) ability for the group to work effectively
2) urgency of deciding (addressing the problem)

Question 15

what is the meaning of Leader-Member- Exchange (LMK) theory?

Answer 15

• A high level of LMX requires a mutual
  degree of trust, open communication and
  respect

Question 16

What is transactional leadership?

Answer 16

Straightforward exchange; setting goals, providing direction in to ‘receive’ rewards.

Question 17

What is transformational leadership?

Answer 17

Establishing commitment through a new vision and change in beliefs & attitudes

Question 18

Describe the definition of the bottom line leadership behaviours? (1) Consideration, (2) Initiating structure

Answer 18

(1) the extent to which a leader exhibits concern for the welfare of the members of the group
(2) providing direction to members while problem solving