2.2.6 Transmission of diseases Flashcards
What are the three forms of transmission?
Means of a vector
Physical contact
Droplet infection
What must a pathogen be able to do, in order to cause a disease?
Travel from one host to another
Get into the host’s tissue
Reproduce
Cause damage to the host’s tissues
What is a vector?
Living host
By what type of transmission is malaria sprend?
Vector
How are malaria parasites transmitted?
- Person with malaria has plasmodium gametes in their blood
- Anopheles female mosquito sucks the blood of someone who is HIV positive (VECTOR)
- Plasmodium develops in the mosquito and migrates to its salivary glands, where it causes the infection of an uninfected person
- Plasmodium migrates to the liver, where they multiply before migrating to the blood
- and the cycle starts again
What are the 4 other ways malaria can be sprend?
- Careless, unhygienic medical practises
- Unscreened blood transfusions
- Unsterilised needles
- Can pass across placenta into an unborn child
What does HIV and AIDs stand for?
Human immunodeficiency virus
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
What is someone with HIV called?
HIV positive
What can happen when the virus enters the body?
Hiv
Can remain inactive for a long period of time
Wha type of virus is HIV?
Retro virus
What does the virus do once active?
Hiv
It attacks the immune system, takes over and destroys T-helper cells
What is the effect of destroying T-helper cells?
T-helper cells are a key part of the immune system which help to fight off infections
Therefore chance of fighting off infections are greatly reduced
Open to contract a range of opportunistic disease
How is HIV transmitted?
Exchange of body fluids (blood to blood contact)
Unprotected sex
Unscreened blood transfusions
Use of unsterilised
What causes tuberculosis?
Bacterium
Commonly mycobacterium tuberculosis, also M.bovis
What does HIV lead to?
AIDs
