2.21 Communication Flashcards
Dysarthria
Damage to central or peripheral motor nerve, brain stem, or cranial nerve
Motor speech disorder
Muscle weakness, slowness, or incoordination in speech mechanism
Disorder of valves used to produce speech
Laryngeal valve
CN IX, X, & XI
Closure of vocal cords needed for phonation
Control of loudness, pitch, air pressure
Velar valve
CN V & X
Closure of soft palate needed for most English speech sounds
Incomplete closure: hyper-nasality
Lingual valve
CN IX & XII
Tongue control needed for shaping all vowels and most consonants
Labial valve
CN VII & V
Controls lips, production of some consonants
Damage causes vowel distortion, poor saliva management
Apraxia of speech
Damage to motor cortex (left frontal lesion)
Inability to position and sequence muscles of speech
Verbal paraphasias
Word substitutions
Neologism
Invented word
Jargon
Fluent, well-articulated language that lacks meaning for the listener
Perseveration
Repetition of past answer for a new stimulus
Stereotypy
Perseverative word or phrase, frequently neologistic
Echolalia
Repetition of a word or phrase just heard
Fluent aphasia
Receptive
Phrases of 4+ words
Usually poor comprehension
Non-fluent aphasia
Expressive
Single words, stock phrases, hesitations
Variable comprehension
Broca’s Aphasia
Non-fluent, expressive
Lesions in posterior part of dominant frontal lobe
Slow and effortful, broken
Comprehension intact
