2.1 Pediatrics Flashcards
Pavlov
Classical conditioning
Watson
Behaviorist Theory
Skinner
Operant conditioning
Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational
Kohlberg’s Preconventional morality
Obedience/punishment
Self-interest
Kohlberg’s Conventional morality
Conformity & interpersonal accord
Authority & social order
Kohlberg’s Postconventional morality
Social contract
Universal principles
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-actualization Esteem Love & belonging Safety & security Physiological
Symptoms of ischemic stroke in children (4)
Sudden onset weakness
Neglect
Seizures
Developmental delay
Symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke in children (3)
Headache
Vomiting
Altered mental status
Symptoms of venous thrombosis in children (2)
Headache
Altered mental status
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy pathophysiology
X-linked recessive
Absence of dystrophin leads to poorly anchored skeletal muscle fibers
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy symptoms (4)
Motor delays
“Waddling” or toe-walking gait
Increased calf circumference
Gower’s sign
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy diagnosis
Around age 5
Elevated serum creatine kinase
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Genetic
Later onset than DMD
Slow & variable progression
Congenital muscular dystrophy
Hypotonia begins in infancy
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Slow progression
Affects face, shoulder, upper arms, lower legs
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1
Before age 6 months
Most common
Generalized muscle weakness
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 2
Between age 7-18 months
Intermediate
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 3
After 18 months of age
Ambulates independently or with AD
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 4
Adulthood
Ambulatory
Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Peripheral nerve disorder
Muscle weakness & atrophy
Loss of sensation
Friedreich’s Ataxia
Onset between 10-15 years old
Ataxia begins in legs & torso
Affects nervous system & heart
Later may affect speech & swallowing
