2.2 The Role of Nursing in Health Promotion

Question 1

Nursing Health Promotion History

Answer 1

1862 - Florence Nightingale school devoted a year to community health promotion
Early 20th Century - Lillian Wald’s Henry Street Settlement were active in political lobbying
1925 - Mary Breckinridge created nurse mid-wifery
1994 - Nurse union lost lawsuit claiming health promotion was exclusively nurses work

Question 2

Role of Nurse in Health Promotion

Answer 2

• Shift from medical model to wellness model enhances nurses role in health promotion
• Increases in chronic disease provides opportunity for health promotion. Nurses are the largest group of healthcare providers that can help.

Question 3

ANA Definition of Nursing

Answer 3

• Protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations.

Question 4

Determinants of Health (DOH): Systems Model

Answer 4

• DOH helps understand health status of individuals and groups.
• Changes in determinants affects every other determinant in the system and system itself (system model).

Question 5

Broad Categories of DOH

Answer 5

• Genetics
• Individual Behavior
• Policy Making
• Social/Physical Environment
• Healthcare Access
• Health behaviors and access account for 70% of all premature deaths.

Question 6

Primary Prevention

Answer 6

• Prevent problems before they occur
• Use of protective equipment
• Any type of health education
• Immunizations

Question 7

Secondary Prevention

Answer 7

• Early detection and intervention with the aim to halt the disease
• Screening Tests

Question 8

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 8

• Prevention of deterioration once disease is present, with the aim to restore individuals to their highest level of function.
• Cardiac Rehabilitation
• Chronic Disease Programs (Diabetes Management)
• Support Groups

Question 9

Disease Prevention History

Answer 9

1970 - Focused on preventing disease and reducing risk behaviors through health education

1980 - Increased attention to supportive environments, social influences, economic resources, health inequalities

1990 - Focus shifted solidly to setting and environment

21st Century - Shifted from education to involving people in decision making, program design, intervention, and evaluation.

Question 10

Primary Care

Answer 10

• Since mid 19th century has worked alongside prevention efforts.

Question 11

Primary Care (1830)

Answer 11

Healthcare was based on quarantine and cultural belief

Question 12

1840-1870

Answer 12

• Focus was clean water and waste management

Question 13

1880-1930

Answer 13

• Attention paid to infectious disease.

1918 - Great Influenza killed 100 million people

Question 14

1940-1960

Answer 14

• Emphasis placed on awareness of disease vectors and high-risk groups

Question 15

1970-1980

Answer 15

• Focus shifted to social determinants of health

Question 16

1990-Present

Answer 16

• Era of Advocacy

- Efforts directed towards economic and political interventions and their impact on health