2.1 Health Promotion

Question 1

The Medical Model

Answer 1

• Early definition of health in the 19th - 20th century
• Emphasized disease rather than health and wellbeing

Definition - Health is the absence of physical and mental disease

Question 2

World Health Organization (WHO) Model

Answer 2

• Classic definition of health formulated in 1948

Definition - Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Not merely just absence of disease or disability

Question 3

Ottawa Charta WHO Model

Answer 3

• Broadened definition of health in 1986

Definition - Health is the extent to which an individual or group is able on the one hand, to realize aspiration and satisfy needs; and on the other hand, to change or cope with environment.

Concept that health includes a sense of meaning and that someone’s life makes a difference. Health of an individual is linked to health of a community.

Question 4

Health Promotion

Answer 4

• Focuses on socioeconomic and environmental determinants of health
• Process of enabling people to increase control over their health.
• Any intervention designed to foster health
• Increasing levels of well-being and self-actualization of a given group or individual

Question 5

Health Promotion Nursing

Answer 5

• Advocacy
• Assessing and building on patient strengths
• Empowering individuals and communities
• Teaching
• Health education
• Identification and reduction of health risks
• Health policy development
• Preventative healthcare

Question 6

Health Education

Answer 6

• Giving information and teaching individuals and communities how to achieve better health

Question 7

Health Promotion

Answer 7

• This is what expanded nursing beyond solely disease prevention and treatment
• Acute care nurses focus more on health education and use of medical model
• Other areas such as public health nursing focus more on health promotion and disease prevention
• Health promotion/disease prevention education are needed in all stages of the life span

Question 8

Developmental Stages of Life

Answer 8

Infancy - 0-18 months
Early Childhood - 18 months - 5/6 years old
Middle/Late childhood - 6-11 y/o
Adolescence - 12-18 y/o
Early Adulthood - Mid 20's through 30's 
Middle Adulthood - 40s and 50s
Late Adulthood - 60s and 70s
Older Adults - 80 and older

Question 9

Health Promotion for Each Stage

Answer 9

Infancy - Immunization, car seats, SIDS
Early Childhood - Car seat, immunization, autism screening
Middle/Late Childhood - School attendance, sport safety, accident prevention
Adolescence - Violence prevention, car safety, drinking/smoking/drugs, gang prevention

Question 10

Health Promotion for Each Stage

Answer 10

Early Adulthood - Chronic disease prevention/management, screening, sleep, access to proper nutrition and exercise
Middle/Late Adulthood - Chronic disease prevention/management
The Old - Management of chronic disease, access to healthcare, injury prevention