2.2 part 2 Flashcards
PART1 -O&M
PLANIFICATION OPTIONS
Step by step
1-Choice of technology
2- Review of National
policies and regulations
for O&M of WASH
facilities
3- Stakeholders’ analysis
with identification of
existing actors
4-Consultation with stakeholders to decide of
the most appropriate management system
Establish a cost-recovery system to
ensure consumers can pay for O&M
integrating the national WASH
regulations and policies
5.Active consultation and participation of the
targeted population throughout the lifetime of
the project
Assessment
Choice of the WASH Technical options
Construction
M&E.
6.Training and equipment of the
concerned stakeholders function of the
O&M approach chosen
7.Handover of facilities
8.M&E
Key recommendations
1-Promote proper use of WASH facilities and hygienic practices (to integrate into
hygiene promotion activities)
2-Put mechanisms in place to sensitise communities
through appropriate management and to
promote participation.
3-Promote safety in relation to the construction and use of the facilities.
4-Use methods to empower women to participate in the design and construction of the WASH facilities as well as the management scheme.
Contents of the training
**Theoretical: **
RaR
canal of communication,
technical options and O&M costs,
routine maintenance
cost recovery
financial management
**Practical: **
safe and hygienic use,
O&M of the WASH facilities
Choice of technology
Linking technology choice + O&M
is a key factor for sustainability
The resulting choice depends on
use of appropriate
criteria
selection process
O&M has a cost – depending on the
technical option:
purchase of tools
equipment and consumables (for the cleaning
and maintenance of the facility);
in case of breakdown payment of
the repairer
the materials
spare parts
Actors
Management of the WASH facilities according to the laws in the country.
There are three main actors who may be in charge of the management of water-supply
provision:
- private sector
- public sector
- Civil society (the community itself and/or local NGOs)
- joint management of water services (PPP)
Specific contexts (1/3)
Rural areas , isolated , dispersed communities
Often ignored by governments
Can be extremely vulnerable.
Concerns.
-difficult access to materials and spare parts
–lack of skilled people for repairs
WASH technical option:
-low-cost solutions and constructions
-with local materials
- managed with a minimum of outside support
Community based management.
Training the community
Water point committee (Including cost recovery)
Promotion of individual latrine.
Specific contexts (2/3)
Urban and peri-urban areas
Concerns:
* urban populations are increasing
* More vulnerable people concentrate in low-income suburbs
* As living conditions can be difficult, tensions may arise.
This factor must be a strong consideration when choosing the location of WASH facilities and
deciding on management arrangements, in order to avoid conflicts or impeded access to water
Management of water-supply could be
- public (municipalities)
-public-private partnership.
it is beneficial if the community has a formal role in the management of the system.
NGOs can advocate for this.
Primary concern:
poor and marginal areas of large cities, including peri-urban areas.
WASH services often do not reach these areas. Densely populated and lack adequate sanitary infrastructure.
Combined with lack of water
these threefactors create a high public health risk.
Specific contexts (3/3)
Emergency response and IDPs/Refugees camps
Emergency phase WASH interventions
(water trucking, toilet desludging, large communal WASH blocks) can be very costly and inefficient.
Solutions should be selected to reduce dependence on imported equipment, chemicals and spare parts, fuel supplies, or staff with
specialised skills not available locally.
Examples of low-cost and appropriate technologies for refugee settings
include solar, wind or ram pumping
RWH
Spring captures,
gravity-flow roughing filtration
gravity flow piped networks (for both water and wastewater),
household UDDT toilets, greywater reuse
SWM recycling and reuse,
household owned and managed sanitation facilities (toilets, showers,laundry areas, rubbish pits).
PART 2
Quality control
Def of QC
process of ensuring that
-products/services required are received as is prescribed
-in a timely, cost effective and efficient manner
through
the application of well established systems and procedures
Why QC?
measure whether standard operating procedures are in place
operated effectively
strictly adhered to
It enhances efficiency, effectiveness, and differentiation
Where QC
QC is cross cutting through the entire logistics function
