22. Neuro

Question 1

How many segments are there in the spinal cord?

Answer 1

31

Question 2

Why is white matter white?

Answer 2

Contains myelinated neurons

Myelin is an emulsion of lipid and water

Question 3

What neurons are present in the dorsal root?

Answer 3

Sensory

Question 4

What neurons are present in the ventral root?

Answer 4

Motor

Question 5

What is a ganglion?

Answer 5

Collection of cell bodies in PNS

Where the synapse between a sensory and motor neuron is

Question 6

Compare the lengths of neurons in sympathetic nervous system compared to parasympathetic

Answer 6

In sympathetic the post-ganglionic neuron is much longer than the pre-ganglionic
In parasympathetic the pre-ganglionic neuron is much longer than the post-ganglionic - ganglion is usually found in wall of target organ/tissue

Question 7

How are the head and neck supplied in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 7

Cranial parasympathetic outflow via cranial nerves

Question 8

How is the genitourinary system supplied in the parasympathetic system?

Answer 8

Sacral parasympathetic outflow via pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 9

Where are autonomic preganglionic neurone cell bodies found in CNS?

Answer 9

Sympathetic - lateral horn in T1-L2 cord segments

Parasympathetic - S2-s4 cord segments and brainstem

Question 10

What are the white and grey ramus communicans?

Answer 10

2 bundles of nerves leading to and away from a sympathetic ganglion

Question 11

How is the sympathetic nervous system distributed to the abdominal viscera?

Answer 11

Sympathetic ganglionics traverse the hair then synapse in a pre-aortic ganglion - postganglionics get to their targets along blood vessels
Sensory fibres travel along sympathetic and relay pain from viscera back to CNS

Question 12

What is the vagus nerve?

Answer 12

Main source of parasympathetic preganglionic input to the thoracic and abdominal viscera

Question 13

What is the ciliary ganglion?

Answer 13

Receives parasympathetic preganglionics from oculomotor nerve and distributes parasympathetic postganglionics to the eye`

Question 14

What is the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 14

Receives parasympathetic preganglionics from the facial nerve and distributes parasympathetic postganglionics to the lacrimal gland

Question 15

What is the submanibular ganglion?

Answer 15

Receives parasympathetic preganglionics from the facial nerve and distributes parasympathetic postganglionics to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Question 16

What is the otic ganglion?

Answer 16

Receives parasympathetic preganglionics from he glossopharyngeal nerve and distributes parasympathetic postganglionics to the parotid gland