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Body Logistics > 12. Connective And Adipose Tissue > Flashcards

12. Connective And Adipose Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is connective tissue made up of?

A

Connective tissue cells
Extracellular proteins/glycoproteins
‘Gels’

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2
Q

What are the main cells in connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts
Chondrocytes
Osteocytes/osteoblasts/osteoclasts
Stem cells/bone marrow/blood/adipocytes

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3
Q

What are the main products of connective tissue?

A

Fibres
Ground substance
Wax and gel-like materials

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4
Q

What are the 3 main components of connective tissue?

A

Cells
Fibres
Ground substance

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5
Q

What fibres re present in connective tissue?

A

Collagen
Elastin
Reticular fibres

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6
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A 
Binding and supporting
Protecting
Insulating
Storing reserve fuel and cells
Transport
Separation of tissues
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7
Q

What is another term for loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar tissue

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of loose connective tissue

A

Submucosa of colon

Superficial layer of dermis in skin

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9
Q

What is the structure of loose connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages WBC, mast cells, adipocytes
2 main fibres - collagen, elastin
Ground substance - proteoglycan

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10
Q

What are the functions of loose connective tissue?

A

Hold vessels that supply fluids
Permits cell migration
Involved in inflammation pathways
Packaging around organs

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11
Q

Where is loose connective tissue distributed?

A

Under epithelial cell layers
Around glands
Surrounding capillaries
Nerves and sinusoids

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12
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

Synthesise and secrete fibres that lie in ground substance

Important in wound healing process

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13
Q

What are myofibroblasts?

A

Modified fibroblasts
Contain actin and myosin
Responsible for wound contraction

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14
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Phagocytic, degrade foreign organisms and cell debris
Antigen presenting cells
Move into loose connective tissue when local inflammation

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15
Q

What are mast cells?

A

Contains abundant granules

  • histamine increases blood vessel wall permeability
  • heparin is anticoagulant
  • cytokines attract eosinophils and neutrophils
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16
Q

What are white adipocytes?

A

Single,large lipid droplet with nucleus, cytoplasm nd organelles squeezed to one side of cell
Unilocular

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17
Q

What is the function of white adipocytes?

A

Padding and shock absorber
Insulation
Energy reserve

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18
Q

What are brown adipocytes?

A

Multiple small lipid droplets with nucleus, cytoplasm and organelles squeezed to centre of cell
Mainly in neonates
Lots of mitochondria

19
Q

What is the function of brown adipocytes?

A

Insulation and energy reserve

20
Q

How is heat generated using brown adipocytes?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupled

Lipid breakdown accelerated

21
Q

How is heat generated using white adipocytes?

A

After shivering reflex

Lipid breakdown slow

22
Q

What is the feature of collagen type 1?

A

Fibrils aggregate into fibres and fibre bundles

90% of all collagen

23
Q

What is the feature of type 2 collagen?

A

Fibrils do not form fibres

Present in hyaline and elastic cartilage

24
Q

What is type 3 collagen also called?

A

Reticulin

25
Q

What is the function of reticulin?

A

Provides supporting framework/sponge

Absent in areolar tissue

26
Q

What is the function of elastin?

A

Allows tissues to recoil after stretch or distension

27
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Viscous, clear substance with slippery feel

Composed of proteoglycans

28
Q

What are proteoglycans?

A

Large macromolecules with core protein which glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) covalently bind

29
Q

What is dense connective tissue?

A

Fibrous or collagenous tissue

Contains fibroblasts

30
Q

What are the 2 types of dense connective tissue?

A

Irregular

Regular

31
Q

Describe irregular dense connective tissue and give an example

A

Fibres running in different directions to resist stresses
Collagen 1 fibres in all directions
E.g. superficial layer of dermis in skin to prevent tearing

32
Q

Describe regular dense connective tissue and give and example

A

Fibres running in parallel to each other
Collagen 1 fibres in parallel
Resist stress in one direction
E.g. in tendons that connect muscles to bones

33
Q

What are myotendinuous junctions and what is their purpose?

A

Skeletal muscle fibres connecting with tendon collagen bundles at junctions provide physiological strength

34
Q

What are tendons?

A

Connect muscle to bone
Very strong
Forces transmitted along collagen bundles

35
Q

What are ligaments?

A 
Similar to tendons
Connect bone to bone
Parallel collagen fibres
Undulate
Wrapped in loose connective tissue (fascicles)
36
Q

What are the 3 types of fascia?

A

Superficial
Deep
Visceral or parietal

37
Q

What is fascia?

A

Made up of fibrous connective tissue
Flexible
Contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibres

38
Q

What are elastin fibres?

A

Elastin main component of elastic fibres, surrounded by microfibrils
In most connective tissue

39
Q

Why is vitamin C important in collagen production?

A

Required for intracellular production of procollagen

Without, collagen formation disputed

40
Q

What do smooth muscle cells produce?

A

Elastin, collagen, matrix

41
Q

What is Marfan’s syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant
Expression of fibrillin 1 gene affected
Elastic tissue abnormal

42
Q

What are the signs of Marfan’s?

A

Abnormally tall
Arachnodactyly
Joint dislocation
Aortic rupture

43
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A 
Brittle bone disease
Mutated collagen fibres do not knit together or not enough produced
Weakened bones
Short stature
Blue sclera
Hypermobility

Body Logistics (20 decks)

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