2.2 Displaying and Describing Categorical Data

Question 1

Visualizing Categorical Data

Answer 1

pie charts and bar charts

Question 2

Pie Charts Contains?

Answer 2

Add in percentages, highlight a group, more informative title, create an other category

Question 3

Bar Charts

Answer 3

lists the categories on the horizontal axis, draws rectangles above each categories where the heights are equal to the category’s frequency or relative frequency, categorical data

Question 4

Pareto charts

Answer 4

where the bars are arranged in decreasing order

Question 5

Pie Chart: pros and cons

Answer 5

Pro: can easily picture relative frequency
Cons: not effective if there are too many categories or if some relative frequencies are too small

Question 6

Bar Chart: pros and cons

Answer 6

Pro: can handle more categories and easily compare categories with pareto chart
Cons: relative frequencies can be deceiving and can arrange bars however you want

Question 7

Mode

Answer 7

the most frequently occurring value

Question 8

Unimodal, Bimodal, Multimodal

Answer 8

Uni: On distinct mode
Bi: Two modes with same ( or very close) frequency
Multi: More than two modes with (or close) frequency

Question 9

Variability

Answer 9

For categorical data, think of it as diversity in the data values

Question 10

High variation

Answer 10

each value is represented with about the same frequency (many observations in many different categories)

Question 11

Low Variation

Answer 11

A small number of values appear a large number of times (many observation fall into few categories)