1.4 Designed Experiments

Question 1

observational study

Answer 1

subjects placed into different groups by choice or someone else, no control over environment, can show associations, but results effected by confounding variables

Question 2

Controlled Experiment

Answer 2

Research use randomization to control confounding factors and assign subjects to a treatment group or a control group, can show causality if done correctly

Question 3

Goals of experimental Design

Answer 3

Randomization, Replication, Control of Error

Question 4

Factors

Answer 4

treatment that we may be interested in

Question 5

levels

Answer 5

specific values of factors

Question 6

treatment combination (interactions)

Answer 6

with multiple factors, a specific combination of levels

Question 7

blinding

Answer 7

independent party assigns subjects to treatment group

Question 8

double-blinding

Answer 8

research do not know who is in the treatment group

Question 9

placebo

Answer 9

a method of blinding

Question 10

placebo effect

Answer 10

reacting to a treatment after simply from being told you are receiving the treatment

Question 11

repeated measures

Answer 11

having individuals go through a single treatment more than once

Question 12

block design

Answer 12

groups are defined by predetermined factors who are then randomized to treatments

Question 13

matched pairs

Answer 13

finding a similar individual or unit to compare outcomes, twin studies, before-after, pre-post, crossover design