2.2 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Glycolysis?

A

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

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2
Q

Where in a cell does Glycolysis take place?

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

What happens in the first stage of Glycolysis?

A

2 ATP is used to phosphorylate glucose and intermediates

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4
Q

What happens in the second stage of Glycolysis?

A

The generation of more ATP, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP

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5
Q

What needs to be present for the Krebs cycle to occur?

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

What does the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment stage lead to?

A

It leads to the generation of more ATP during the energy pay-off stage, resulting in a net gain of ATP

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7
Q

What does Acetyl combine with during the start of the kerb cycle?

A

Coenzyme A

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8
Q

What does Acetyl coenzyme A combine with to make a citrate?

A

Oxaloacetate

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9
Q

Where does the Kreb cycle take place?

A

The matrix of the mitochondria

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10
Q

What enzyme removes hydrogen ions and electrons?

A

Dehydrogenase

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11
Q

What Coenzyme does dehydrogenase pass hydrogen ion and electrons on to?

A

Coenzyme NAD, forming NADH

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12
Q

What happens to pyruvate during glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A, forming Acetyl coenzyme A

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13
Q

What happens to citrate during a series pf enzyme controlled reaction?

A

Citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate, resulting in the generation of ATP and release of CO2

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14
Q

In what stages is the dehydrogenase enzyme being used?

A

Both, Glycolysis and Citric acid cycle

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15
Q

What happens to the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH?

A

They are passed to the ETC on the inner mitochondrial membrane

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16
Q

Where does the Electron transport chain occur?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

17
Q

Where does the energy from ATP synthesis come from?

A

High-energy electrons being passed along the ETC, releasing energy

18
Q

What is the Electron transport chain?

A

It is a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane

19
Q

What do hydrogen ions and electrons combine with at the citric acid cycle?

A

They combine with oxygen to form water

20
Q

When does Fermentation take place?

A

In the absence of oxygen

21
Q

Where does Fermentation take place?

A

Cytoplasm

22
Q

What happens during Fermentation in animal cells?

A

pyruvate is converted into lactate, this reaction is reversible

23
Q

What happens during Fermentation in plant and yeast cells?

A

Ethanol and CO2 are produced, this reaction is irreversible

24
Q

What product does Fermentation result in much less off than in aerobic respiration?

A

ATP