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Higher Biology > 1.3 - Gene Expression > Flashcards

1.3 - Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

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2
Q

What processes does gene expression involve?

A

Transcription
Translation

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3
Q

Describe 3 structural differences between RNA and DNA

A

RNA
- Single stranded
- Ribose sugar
- Uracil base

DNA
- Double stranded
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Adenine base

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4
Q

How many genes in a cell are expressed?

A

Only a fraction

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5
Q

What is the role of mRNA?

A

It carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome

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6
Q

What is the triplet of bases on a mRNA molecule called?

A

A codon

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7
Q

What is the triplet of base on a tRNA molecule called?

A

Anti-codon

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8
Q

What is the role of tRNA?

A

Translates mRNA into a polypeptide at the ribosome

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9
Q

What is the role of rRNA?

A

rRNA and proteins form the ribosome

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10
Q

What is the role of RNA Polymerase?

A

RNA Polymerase moves along DNA, unwinding the double helix and breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases. It also makes a primary transcript of mRNA from RNA nucleotides

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11
Q

What is Alternative RNA Splicing

A

Different exons being spliced together to form a different mature transcript

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12
Q

What base is Uracil complementary to?

A

Adenine

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13
Q

What does RNA Splicing form?

A

A mature mRNA transcript

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14
Q

What are the non-coding regions of a primary transcript called?

A

Introns

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15
Q

What are the coding regions of a primary transcript called?

A

Exons

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16
Q

Does the order of exons change during splicing?

A

No

17
Q

Describe the process of Translation

A

Anti-codons bond to codons by complementary base pairing

Translating the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids

Peptide bonds join the amino acids together

18
Q

What is RNA Splicing?

A

RNA Splicing forms a mature mRNA transcript

19
Q

What are Phenotypes determined by?

A

By the proteins produced as a result of gene expression

20
Q

What sort of factors influence Phenotypes?

A

Environmental factors

21
Q

What is the bond between amino acids?

A

Peptide bond

22
Q

How do Polypeptides fold?

A

Polypeptide chains fold to form the 3-dimensional shape of a protein, held together by hydrogen bonds and other interactions between amino acids

Higher Biology (23 decks)

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