1.3 - Gene Expression Flashcards
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What processes does gene expression involve?
Transcription
Translation
Describe 3 structural differences between RNA and DNA
RNA
- Single stranded
- Ribose sugar
- Uracil base
DNA
- Double stranded
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Adenine base
How many genes in a cell are expressed?
Only a fraction
What is the role of mRNA?
It carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome
What is the triplet of bases on a mRNA molecule called?
A codon
What is the triplet of base on a tRNA molecule called?
Anti-codon
What is the role of tRNA?
Translates mRNA into a polypeptide at the ribosome
What is the role of rRNA?
rRNA and proteins form the ribosome
What is the role of RNA Polymerase?
RNA Polymerase moves along DNA, unwinding the double helix and breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases. It also makes a primary transcript of mRNA from RNA nucleotides
What is Alternative RNA Splicing
Different exons being spliced together to form a different mature transcript
What base is Uracil complementary to?
Adenine
What does RNA Splicing form?
A mature mRNA transcript
What are the non-coding regions of a primary transcript called?
Introns
What are the coding regions of a primary transcript called?
Exons
Does the order of exons change during splicing?
No
Describe the process of Translation
Anti-codons bond to codons by complementary base pairing
Translating the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids
Peptide bonds join the amino acids together
What is RNA Splicing?
RNA Splicing forms a mature mRNA transcript
What are Phenotypes determined by?
By the proteins produced as a result of gene expression
What sort of factors influence Phenotypes?
Environmental factors
What is the bond between amino acids?
Peptide bond
How do Polypeptides fold?
Polypeptide chains fold to form the 3-dimensional shape of a protein, held together by hydrogen bonds and other interactions between amino acids
