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BACTERIOLOGY - 2 > 22 – Campylobacter and Helicobacter > Flashcards

22 – Campylobacter and Helicobacter Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiological characteristics

A
  • Gram-negative ‘CURVY’ organisms
    o Campylobacter: ‘seagull’ shaped (aging changes it=straighter)
    o Helicobacter: ‘corkscrew’ (tightly coiled)
  • Biocontainment level 2
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2
Q

Microbiological characteristics of Campylobacter

A
  • Can be challenging to grow
  • Microaerophilic
  • Requires nutritious media
  • *Some grow at elevated T, 42 degree C
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3
Q

Microbiological characteristics of Helicobacter

A
  • VERY challenging to grow
  • Micro-aerophilic
  • Culture independent methods often used
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4
Q

Natural host or habitat of Campylobacter

A
  • Intestinal tract
  • Reproductive mucosa and gall blader of cattle (C. fetus)
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5
Q

Natural host or habitat of Helicobacter

A
  • Stomach and GIT
  • About 50% of us have H. pylori in our stomachs
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6
Q

Virulence factors of Campylobacter jejuni

A
  • Flagella
  • Outer membrane ADHESION PROTEINS
  • Superoxide dismutase and catalase: intracellular survival
  • Cytolethal-distending toxin: cell deathRepro
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7
Q

Camplyobacter fetus subsp. Venerealis in cattle causes

A
  • Vibriosis
    o Silent carriage
    o Temporary infertility
    o Early embryonic death
    o Abortions: rarely exceeds 10%
  • *naturally clean infection
    o Vaccination plays a role
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8
Q

When does Camplyobacter fetus subsp. Venerealis (vibriosis) disease usually occur in cattle?

A
  • When cows exposed for first time
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9
Q

Camplyobacter fetus subsp. Venerealis in cattle ascends

A
  • From vagina to cuase intrauterine infection
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10
Q

How is Camplyobacter fetus subsp. Venerealis transmitted in cattle?

A
  • Venereal transmission (natural or AI)
    o Bulls to cows
    o Bulls often SILENT carriers
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11
Q

Camplyobacter fetus subsp. Fetus (vibriosis) in small ruminants causes

A
  • Abortion in final 6 weeks of pregnancy
    o Pyrexia and vaginal discharge
  • Abortions in cattle
  • *multifocal hepatic necrosis seen in aborted fetus=sample for lab
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12
Q

How is Camplyobacter fetus subsp. Fetus transmitted?

A
  • Through ingestion
    o Travels to gall bladder and pregnant uterus
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13
Q

Camplyobacter fetus subsp. Fetus in small ruminants control

A
  • Highly CONTAGIOUS
  • Incubation period: 7-25days
  • Control abortion outbreaks with antimicrobials
  • Vaccination plays role
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14
Q

Camplyobacter fetus subsp. Fetus and HUMANS

A
  • Septic abortions
  • Proctitis and proctocolitis
  • Sepsis
  • *may be related to contact with animals and possibly eating raw food
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15
Q

What does Camplyobacter jejuni subsp jejuni cause in humans?

A
  • Gastroenteritis
    o Typically self-limiting
    o 5-10 days of illness
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16
Q

How are people infected with Camplyobacter jejuni subsp jejuni?

A
  • INGESTION
    o Unpasteurized dairy
    o Contaminated water
    o Poultry products
  • *very low infectious dose (<500 organims)
    o 1 drop of chicken juice can make you sick!
17
Q

How does Camplyobacter jejuni subsp jejuni get into food?

A
  • Fecal contamination!
18
Q

Camplyobacter jejuni subsp jejuni in humans DATA

A
  • 8,000-12,000 cases a year (confirmed culture)
  • Common on poultry products
  • *testing susceptibility to drugs
19
Q

What is a rare sequelae following campylobacteriosis in humans?

A
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
  • 20-40 with CBS were infected with Campy in last 3 weeks
  • *NO CORRELATION BETWEEN INFECITON SEVERITY AND LIKELIHOOD OF DEVELOPING GBS
20
Q

What is Gullain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

A
  • Acute demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves
  • Begins with weakness and tingling in extremeties
  • Can become systemic leading to paralysis
  • NO KNOWN CURE, but most ultimately recover
21
Q

Campylobacter spp. in dogs and cats

A
  • Be careful with positive fecal cultures
    o Commonly isolated from healthy animals
    o May be associated with clinical disease in young animals (less than 6 months old)
  • *may serve as a household reservoir resulting in human infections
22
Q

What are the primary relevant Campylobacter spp in dogs and cats?

A
  • C. jejuni
  • C. coli
  • C. upsaliensis
23
Q

Campylobacter spp and disease in animals (and humans)

A
  • Often self-limiting
  • Can use antimicrobials if high fever and bloody diarrhea
24
Q

Helicobacter pylori in humans

A
  • Infectious agent of stomach ulcers
    o Used to think they were due to stress
  • *wont a Noble Prize
    o Grew in broth culture and did Koch’s postulates on himself
    o DECREASED ACID PRODUCTION
25
Q

Helicobacter spp. in animal species

A
  • Found in a wide variety
  • Though to be ASSOCIATED WITH GASTRITIS IN HOST ANIMAL
  • *interpret positive results with caution
    o Not great association with disease
26
Q

What are the clinical signs in dogs that MAY be indicative of Helicobacter associated disease?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Weight loss
27
Q

Sample collection when have enteric disease (Campylobacter)

A
  • Feces or rectal swab
28
Q

Sample collection when have reproductive disease (Campylobacter)

A
  • Females: vaginal mucous
  • Males: preputial washings
  • Abortuses: stomach contents, placenta
29
Q

Handling of Campylobacter

A
  • Delicate
  • *requires transport media
  • C. fetus needs to reach lab as soon as possible in order to recover (challenge in Wester Canada)
30
Q

Sample collection of Helicobacter

A
  • Biopsies of affected tissues
31
Q

Lab ID of Helicobacter

A
  • Histological examination of gastric biopsies
  • May requires special staining (silver stains)
32
Q

Lab ID of Campylobacter

A
  • Culture
    o Special methods
    o Place filter paper on agar plates that they have to SWIM through
  • Molecular detection particularly for C. fetus
  • Phase contrast microscopy or dark field
33
Q

Zoonotic Transmission: Camplyobacter

A

*IMPORTANT
o Pets?
o C. upsaliensis infections may be related to pet contact

34
Q

Helicobacteri species found in BOTH humans and animals

A
  • H. pylori in cats as well
  • H. canis and H. felis in dogs, cats, people
35
Q

What are the treatment options for Camplyobacter and Helicobacter?

A
  • NO guidelines for susceptibility testing
  • EUCAST does list some intrinsic resistance for Campylobacter
  • *not really treating as they are usually self-limiting

BACTERIOLOGY - 2 (15 decks)

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