2.2 Biological Molecules (LIPIDS)

Question 1

2 types of lipids?

Answer 1

Saturated and Unsaturated

Question 2

What are saturated lipids?

Answer 2

Saturated w Hydrogen
- No double bonds (C-C)

Question 3

What are unsaturated lipids?

Answer 3

• Contain one of more double bond (C-C)
  Melt at lower temps than saturated

Question 4

The greater no of unsaturated bonds?

Answer 4

Weaker the intermolecular bonds = Lower MP

Question 5

Unsaturated lipids are … at room temp?

Answer 5

Liquid

Question 6

Saturated lipids are … at room temp?

Answer 6

Solid

Question 7

What are triglycerides?

Answer 7

Triglyceride - serve as the body’s primary fat storage molecule.

Question 8

Structure of triglycerides?

Answer 8

Consist of glycerol molecule w 3 fatty acid chains attached thru ester bonds
Glycerol is a three carbon alcohol w 3 hydroxyl groups, each fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain.
Can be saturated or unsaturated
Triglycerides are essential to energy storage.

Question 9

What are phospholipids?

Answer 9

Phospholipids - crucial components of cell membranes.

Question 10

Structure of phospholipids?

Answer 10

Consist of glycerol molecule w 2 fatty acid chains and a phosphate group attached
A small polar molecule is often attached to a phosphate group, this makes it polar and nonpolar.
Tails are hydrophobic + Phosphate (HEAD) is hydrophilic
Play an essential role in creating the lipid bilayer in cell membranes

Question 11

What bonds do triglycerides contain?

Answer 11

Ester bonds

Question 12

What is cholesterol?

Answer 12

Helps regulate fluidity of the cell membrane
- Small size + flattened shape
(allows cholesterol to fit between phospholipid molecules)
- High temps, they bind to hydrophobic tails (compact) = less fluid + more rigid
- Low temps, prevents them from being compact = more fluid