2.1 Cell Structure Flashcards
Eukaryotic Cells
Larger than P (10-100µm)
Linear DNA
Nucleus - DNA in nucleus
No cell wall in animals,
Cellulose in plants or Chitin in fungi
Many organelles, membrane bound organelles are present
Flagella (sometimes) made of microtubule proteins, 9+2 formation
80s ribosomes
Prokaryotic Cells
Extremely small (<2µm)
Circular DNA
No Nucleus - DNA in cytoplasm (free)
Cell wall made out of polysaccharide
Few organelles, no membrane bound organelles
Flagella (sometimes) made of protein flagellin, formation = helix
70s ribosomes
What organelles are present in an animal cell:
plasma cell surface membrane, RER, SER, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear envelope, lysosome, ribosome, golgi apparatus, cytoplasm and mitochondria.
What organelles are present in a plant cell:
all features of animal cell + chloroplast, plasmodesma, vacuole, cell wall.
Plasma Cell Surface Membrane
Regulates movement of substances in + out of cell
Receptor molecules -> allow it to respond to chemicals
Golgi apparatus
Processes + packages lipids and proteins, (these are made into lysosomes)
Nucleus
Controls cell activity, DNA contains info to make pores
- Pores: allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm
Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes, can digest invading cells or break down (worn out components of cells)
Ribosome
Site where proteins are made
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Folds + processes proteins, (proteins are made at ribosomes)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesises + processes lipids
Mitochondrion
Site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced
Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
Chloroplast *
Site of photosynthesis
Grana or stroma
Plasmodesmata *
Facilitate cellular transport of molecules, from small metabolites to large proteins and mRNA
