22. Allergy and Immunodeficiency Disorders Flashcards
What is Protective immunity?
-Desirable reaction
What is Hypersensitivity?
-Undesirable reaction
Why do people hyperreact?
-Nature of Antigen
-Type of immune response
-Host genitics
Hypersensitivity Diseases have an _____________ or ___________ immune response to foreign antigens
Excessive, aberrant
What are the four types of GEL and Coombs classifications?
-Type I-IgE ab
-Type II- ab to tissue anitgens
-Type III immune complexes
-Type IV -cell mediated immunity
What is Type I dependent on?
IgE dependent
Cross linking of ___ sitting on their receptors on mast cells by their ____________________ leads to massive release of ___________ and other performed mediators
IgE, cognate antigens , Histamines
What is the cause of Type II ?
IgM/IgG binding to cell surface molecules results in usual effects: opsonization ,red blood cell agglutination
What are some examples of Type II?
-Transfusion reactions
-Hemolytic disease of the new born
-Drug induced hemolytic anemia
What is Type III Hypersensitivity do?
-Immune complexes of circulating antigens and IgM or IgG antibiotics deposited in vascular basement membrane.
-Inflammation via complement activation
-They recognize free flowing antigens not the cells
What does Type IV get triggered by?
-Poison Ivy
-Cheap jewelry /reactive metals
-Bacteria(TB)
-virus (Hepatitis B)
What is Type IV mediated by?
-T cells and their cytokines
What are the two types of Immunodeficiency disorder?
-Congenital Immunodeficiency
-Acquired immunodeficiency
What is Congenital immunodeficiency ?
-Defects in lymphocyte maturation
-Defect in activation and function
-Defects in innate immunity
What is Acquired immunodeficiency ?
-HIV and AIDS
-Malnutrition
-Chemotherapy/irradiation
-Cancer metastasis to bone marrow
-Splenectomy
What is Gene therapy?
-Replacement of defective gene in self renewing precursor cells
What are the two major aims that Current therapy has?
-MInimize and control infections
-Replace defective or absent component by adaptive transfer and/or transplantation
What agents are currently being used for replacement therapy?
-Pooled gammaglobulins for agammaglobulinemic patients
-Bone marrow transplant for secondary immunoedeficiency
What are principles of therapy for secondary immunodeficiency ?
-Control oppurtunistic infectioms
-Treat primary cause
What is autoimmunity
-A failure of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts as self
What are the two types of Autoimmune disease ?
-Systemic Autoimmunity
-Organ Specific
What is Systemic autoimmunity disease?
-Autoimmune disease involving several organs and tissues
-Most involve both humoral and cell mediated immunity
What is Organ specific disease ?
-Immune response directed to specific organs leading to cellular damage and organ destruction
What are the factors influencing autoimmune diseases development ?
-Environmental : microbes
-Gender : females greater than males
-Others : Injury
