22/02/24 (morning) Flashcards

1
Q

What can occur after initiation of goserelin (GnRH agonist) for prostate cancer and what is given to prevent it?

A
  • Tumour flare (a paradoxical increase in symptoms)
  • Cyproterone acetate is given to prevent this
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2
Q

What is the reversal agent for dabigatran (a DOAC)?

A

Idarucizumab

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3
Q

Features of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?

A
  • Fever, hypotension, diffuse erythmatous rash (with desquamation over palms and soles, and involvement of 3 or more organ systems
  • Typically after leaving a tampon in too long (qustions may say ‘after a long flight’)
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4
Q

A middle age/elderly patient presents with concerning GI signs but is found to be positive for H. pylori, what should you do?

A
  • 2 week wait referral
  • Presence of H. pylori should not affect decision to refer for suspected cancer
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5
Q

Signs , investigation and treatment of achalasia in an adult?

A
  • Signs: Dysphagia to both liquids and solid, sometimes with chest pain
  • Investigations: pH and manometry studies + contrast and swallow endoscopy
  • Treatment: botulinum toxin, pneumatic dilation, or cardiomyotomy
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6
Q

Features of seborrhoeic dermatitis and hat organism causes it?

A
  • Eczematous lesions in sebum rich areas: scalp (dandruff), periorbital, auricular and nasolabial folds
  • Caused by overreaction to Malassezia furfur
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7
Q

What is circumstantiality?

A
  • The inability to answer questions without giving excessive information
  • Will eventually get to the answer in a roundabout way
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8
Q

IVF-aided single pregnancies increase the risk of what?

A

Placenta praevia

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9
Q

Treatment of aortic dissection?

A
  • Type A (ascending): IV labtalol and surgery
  • Type B (descending): IV labetalol alone
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10
Q

What murmur can be heard in type A aortic dissection?

A
  • Aortic regurgitation
  • High pitched, blowing, early diastolic murmur loudest at the second intercostal space right sternal border
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11
Q

Different between lateral medullary syndrome (PICA) and lateral pontine syndrome (AICA)?

A

Lateral pontine syndrome (AICA) presents the same as lateral medullary syndrome (PICA) but with additional ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness

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12
Q

How often should lithium be monitored after changing dose?

A

One week after the dose change and then weekly until the levels are stable

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13
Q

What should b co-prescribed with isoniazid and why?

A

Pyridoxine (B6) to prevent peripheral neuropathy

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14
Q

What is the medication of choice in suppressing lactation and why?

A

Cabergoline as it has a better side effect profile than bromocriptine

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15
Q

What tests ned to b done when starting a statin and when (and what tests aren’t necessary unless there are signs?

A
  • Lipid profile and LFTs at initiation and 3 months
  • CK is only indicated if presenting with unexplained muscle symptoms such as pain, tenderness or weakness
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16
Q

What murmurs are found in aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and mitral regurgitation?

A
  • AS: esection systolic, high-pitched, crescendo-decrescendo that radiates to carotids
  • AR: early diastolic, soft murmur, decrescendo
  • MS: mid-diastolic, low pitched, rumbling murmur
  • MR: pan-systolic, high pitched, whistling murmur
17
Q

Treatment of symptomatic aortic stenosis?

A
  • Low risk patients: surgical valve replacement
  • High risk patient: transcatheter valve replacement
18
Q

Functional tricuspid regurgitation often occurs secondary to what?

A

Pulmonary hypertension

19
Q

Features of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A
  • Scaphoid abdomen
  • Concave chest
  • Dyspnoea and tachypnoea at birth
  • Auscultation: Reduced breath sounds and medially displaced heart sounds
20
Q

What pulse character is found in PDA?

A

Large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse