22/02/24 (morning) Flashcards
What can occur after initiation of goserelin (GnRH agonist) for prostate cancer and what is given to prevent it?
- Tumour flare (a paradoxical increase in symptoms)
- Cyproterone acetate is given to prevent this
What is the reversal agent for dabigatran (a DOAC)?
Idarucizumab
Features of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome?
- Fever, hypotension, diffuse erythmatous rash (with desquamation over palms and soles, and involvement of 3 or more organ systems
- Typically after leaving a tampon in too long (qustions may say ‘after a long flight’)
A middle age/elderly patient presents with concerning GI signs but is found to be positive for H. pylori, what should you do?
- 2 week wait referral
- Presence of H. pylori should not affect decision to refer for suspected cancer
Signs , investigation and treatment of achalasia in an adult?
- Signs: Dysphagia to both liquids and solid, sometimes with chest pain
- Investigations: pH and manometry studies + contrast and swallow endoscopy
- Treatment: botulinum toxin, pneumatic dilation, or cardiomyotomy
Features of seborrhoeic dermatitis and hat organism causes it?
- Eczematous lesions in sebum rich areas: scalp (dandruff), periorbital, auricular and nasolabial folds
- Caused by overreaction to Malassezia furfur
What is circumstantiality?
- The inability to answer questions without giving excessive information
- Will eventually get to the answer in a roundabout way
IVF-aided single pregnancies increase the risk of what?
Placenta praevia
Treatment of aortic dissection?
- Type A (ascending): IV labtalol and surgery
- Type B (descending): IV labetalol alone
What murmur can be heard in type A aortic dissection?
- Aortic regurgitation
- High pitched, blowing, early diastolic murmur loudest at the second intercostal space right sternal border
Different between lateral medullary syndrome (PICA) and lateral pontine syndrome (AICA)?
Lateral pontine syndrome (AICA) presents the same as lateral medullary syndrome (PICA) but with additional ipsilateral facial paralysis and deafness
How often should lithium be monitored after changing dose?
One week after the dose change and then weekly until the levels are stable
What should b co-prescribed with isoniazid and why?
Pyridoxine (B6) to prevent peripheral neuropathy
What is the medication of choice in suppressing lactation and why?
Cabergoline as it has a better side effect profile than bromocriptine
What tests ned to b done when starting a statin and when (and what tests aren’t necessary unless there are signs?
- Lipid profile and LFTs at initiation and 3 months
- CK is only indicated if presenting with unexplained muscle symptoms such as pain, tenderness or weakness