2.1.1 - Atomic Structure and Isotopes Flashcards
What 3 subatomic particles are atoms made up of?
Protons, electrons and neutrons.
Where are electrons found?
In the orbitals around the nucleus.
Where are neutrons and protons found?
In the nucleus.
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/2000
What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
What is the atomic number?
Number of protons in the nucleus.
What is the mass number?
Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
What are negative ions?
Have more electrons than protons.
What does a 2+ charge mean?
There are two fewer electrons than protons.
What is an isotope?
Atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
How are isotopes the same?
Same atomic number.
How are isotopes different?
Different mass numbers.
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
The number and arrangement of electrons decides the chemical properties and this stays the same.
Why do isotopes have different physical properties?
Physical properties depend more on the mass of the atom and the mass number changes.
What is relative atomic mass?
Weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12
What is the relative isotopic mass?
Mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12.
When referring to what is relative molecular mass used?
Simple molecules.
How do you find the relative molecular mass?
Add up the relative atomic mass values of all the atoms in the molecule.
When reffering to what is relative formula mass used?
Compounds that are ionic or giant covalent.
How do you find the relative formula mass?
Add up all the relative atomic masses of all the ions in the formula unit.
What do you have to use to find the relative atomic mass?
The isotopic abundances.
How do you find the RAM?
- Multiply each relative isotopic mass by its % relative isotopic abundance and add up the results.
- Divide by 100.
Which isotope is the international standard for the measurement of relative mass?
Carbon-12
