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RS RRC Philosophy > 2.1 The nature of Religious Experience > Flashcards

2.1 The nature of Religious Experience Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of religious experience?

A

‘an encounter with the divine that brings with it an awareness of something beyond ourselves’

Difficult to define, as it is subjective

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2
Q

What is Sufism?

A

Islamic mysricism- having a religious experience in an altered state of consciousness (whirling dervishes)

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3
Q

What is meditation?

A

a technique which trains attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally clam and stable state.

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4
Q

What does Ninian Smart say about religious experience?

A

its a kind of perception of the invisible world- sense of the ultimate divine

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5
Q

What does Edward Schleiermacher say about religious experience?

A

a religious experience is one that offers a sense of the ultimate divine, and an awareness of wholeness, a consciousness of the infinite and an absolute dependence.

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6
Q

What does Martin Buber say about religious experience?

A

God reveals himself to people as they experience him in life and in the world through serious and meaningful relationships

you experience god through the people you know

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7
Q

What does Paul Tillich say about religious experience?

A

Feeling that demands a decisive decision from the one receiving it

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8
Q

What does William James say about religious experience?

A

Draws upon a common range of emotions, notably happiness and fear- but directed at the divine

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9
Q

What does Richard Dawkins say about religious experience?

A

There is no such thing- they’re merely expressions of our psychological needs

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10
Q

What is a direct RE?

A

where God reveals himself to a person having an exerience
e.g Moses and the burning bush

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11
Q

What is indirect RE?

A

experience or thought or feelings about god, prompted by events in everyday life
e.g looking at the stars

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12
Q

What is a theistic religious experience?

A

the person having the experience is distinct and separate from God

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13
Q

What is a monistic religious experience?

A

all of reality is reducible to one substance, no separation from the divine (buddhism)

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14
Q

What is dramatic or conversion event RE?

A

a direct experience, the person often sees a vision, with feelings of the power of God
Rudolph Otto calls it a ‘numinois’ experience

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15
Q

What is a response to life and world RE?

A

indirect experiences which enhance a person’s understanding of their life and the world around them

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16
Q

What is a revelatory RE?

A

divine self-disclosure where God makes himself directly known (dream/ vision). Acquires a new knowledge

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17
Q

What is a propositional revelation?

A

God communicates his divine message to a human (moses)

18
Q

What is a non-propositional revelation?

A

a person comes to a moment of realisation of divine truth, throught religious experience

19
Q

What is a near-death experience?

A

When someone ‘dies’ and is revived, including out of body experiences, feeling of peace, or entering darkness and seeing light

20
Q

What is a mystical experience?

A

1) experience of the ultimate divine, unity with divine
2) overwhelmed in the presence of God
3) personal communications with the divine

21
Q

What is corporate experience?

A

Large number of people seeming to experience God at the same time

22
Q

How does music and atmousphere lead to religious experience?

A

offers people toe express their shared beliefs, state of heightened emotions
Work of evangelists

23
Q

How does prayer lead to religious experience?

A

communication with God bring you closer to him
glossolalia- speaking in tongues to connect with God

24
Q

how does meditation lead to religious experience

A

gives you an understanding of your union with God, loss of self

25
Q

What does Ludwig Wittgenstein think of RE?

A

Each person sees religious experience differently, testimonies are unreliable; some think they’ve had a religious experience, others don’t

26
Q

What does R. M. Hare think of RE?

A

an unverrifiable and unsatisfactory blik (world view), personal interpretation makes them unreliable

27
Q

What does Peter Vardy think of RE?

A

religious experience depends on ones presuppositions (if you grow up religious you are more likely to have an RE)

28
Q

What does John Hick think of RE?

A

religious experience can also be interpreted in non-religious ways

29
Q

What does Sigmund Freud think of RE?

A

we feel helpless so create the idea of God in our minds to protect us from the fear of death and loss of control

30
Q

What is a naturalistsic (biological) explanation of RE?

A

explanations which are based on natural laws

31
Q

What is a physiological explanation of RE?

A

physical changes to the body explain RE (temporal epilepsy)

32
Q

What is Freud’s psychological explanation for RE?

A

arises from psychological need to have a God to protect us in a hostile world. Individuals project their psychological needs onto a higher being, religion based.

33
Q

What is a sociological explanation for RE?

A

Re comes from purely social, rather than religious factors

34
Q

Who was William James?

A

An american philosopher and the ‘father of psychology’

35
Q

What were the key ideas of William James?

A

The sheer certainty of testimonies was as convinving evidence as any argument for god

The fact that someone lived their life differently after a RE was physical proof of a change

36
Q

Who was Rudolph Otto?

A

A Chritstian protestant theologian who wanted to ascertain what aspects of a RE made it ‘religious’

37
Q

What were the key ideas of Rudolph Otto?

A

He thought having a RE was central to the faith of the singular believer

Used the word numinous (something other worldly and separate)

38
Q

What does mysterium mean?

A

The mystery of RE as experienced by the individual, that cannot be put into words

39
Q

What does Tremendum mean?

A

feeling of awe in RE, sense of dread atimpact of greatness

40
Q

What does Fascians mean?

A

nature of believer being drawn into RE by a fascination with divine

RS RRC Philosophy (8 decks)

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