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bio: section 1 > 2.1 Structure Of RNA and DNA > Flashcards

2.1 Structure Of RNA and DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 components of nucleotides?

A
  • pentose sugar
  • phosphate group
  • nitrogen- containing organic base
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2
Q

What is a single nucleotide called?

A

Mononucleotide

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3
Q

What is the bond between the deoxyribose sugar of one mononucleotide and the phosphate group of another?

A

Phosphodiester bond

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4
Q

What is a long chain of mononucleotide scales?

A

Polynucleotide

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5
Q

What are 2 mononucleotides joined together in a condensation reaction called?

A

Dinucleotide

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6
Q

What are the 4 RNA molecules called?

A
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • RNA in ribosomes
  • siRNA
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7
Q

What is the pentose sugar called in RNA?

A

ribose

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8
Q

What are the 4 bases in RNA?

A
  • adenine
  • guanine
  • cytosine
  • uracil
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9
Q

What is the pentose sugar called in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

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10
Q

What are the 4 bases in DNA?

A
  • adenine
  • thymine
  • guanine
  • cytosine
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11
Q

How are 2 DNA strands joined together?

A

By hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

What is adenine always paired with in DNA?

A

Thymine

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13
Q

What is guanine always paired with in DNA?

A

Cytosine

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14
Q

What is thymine always paired with in DNA?

A

Adenine

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15
Q

What is cytosine always paired with in DNA?

A

Guanine

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16
Q

The quantity of adenine are always the same as which other base in DNA?

17
Q

The quantity of thymine is always the same as which other base in DNA?

18
Q

The quantity of guanine is always the same as which other base in DNA and RNA?

19
Q

The quantity of cytosine is always the same as which other base in DNA and RNA?

20
Q

The quantity of adenine are always the same as which other base in RNA?

21
Q

The quantity of uracil is always the same as which other base in RNA?

22
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

double helix

23
Q

What is the phosphodiester backbone made up of in DNA?

A
  • phosphate group

- deoxyribose sugar

24
Q

Why is the DNA molecule stable?

A
  • phosphodiester backbone -> protects bases

- many hydrogen bonds -> stable

25
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are the between cytosine and guanine in DNA?

26
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are the between thymine and adenine in DNA?

27
Q

DNA related to its function

A
  • double helix-> provides strength
  • large molecule -> stores lots of information
  • helix -> compact
  • base sequence -> allows information to be stored
  • double stranded-> replication can occur semi- conservatively
  • complementary base pairing -> accurate replication
  • rarely mutates-> stable

bio: section 1 (12 decks)

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