1.2 Monosaccharides Flashcards
What do all organic molecules contain?
Carbon
What unusual feature does carbon have?
Readily forms bonds with other carbon atoms
Monomer definition
Small molecules that combine to form a polymer
3 examples of monomers
- Monosaccharides
- Amino acids
- Nucleotides
Polymer definition
A large molecule made up of repeating monomers
What are the 4 elements that most polymers are made up of?
- carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
- nitrogen
Monosaccharide definition
Monomer from which larger carbohydrates are made
2 properties of monosaccharides
- sweet tasting
- soluble
3 monosaccharides
- glucose
- galactose
- fructose
What is the general formula for monosaccharides
(CH2O)n
3<=n<=7
Draw alpha glucose
Page 8
Draw beta glucose
Page 8
Test for reducing sugar
- heat and add Benedict’s reagent
- brick red precipitate forms, if present
What are reducing sugars?
- all monosaccharides
- some disaccharides (e.g. maltose)
Blue result of Benedict’s test
No reducing sugars
Green result from Benedict’s test
Very low concentration of reducing sugar
Yellow result from reducing sugar
Low concentration of Benedict’s test
Orange result from Benedict’s test
Medium concentration of reducing sugar
Brick red result from Benedict’s test
High concentration of reducing sugar
