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P.E. > 2.1 Skill Acquisition > Flashcards

2.1 Skill Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

What is an example of an open skill

A

Rugby tackle

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2
Q

What is an example of a closed skill

A

A penalty in football

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3
Q

What is an example of a gross skill

A

Rugby tackle

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4
Q

What is an example of a fine skill

A

Golf putt

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5
Q

What is an example of a self paced skill

A

Tennis serve

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6
Q

What is an example of an externally paced skill

A

Return in tennis

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7
Q

What is an example of a discrete skill

A

Tennis serve

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8
Q

What is an example of a continuous skill

A

Running

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9
Q

What is an example of a serial skill

A

Gymnastics floor routine

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10
Q

What is an example of a high organisation skill

A

Volley in football

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11
Q

What is an example of a low organisation skill

A

Throw-in in football

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12
Q

What is an example of a simple skill

A

Short Pass in football

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13
Q

What is an example of a complex skill

A

A volley in football

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14
Q

What is the anagram for characteristics of a skill

A

ACEFACE

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15
Q

What does ACEFACE stand for

A

Aesthetically pleasing, consistent, efficient, fluent, accurate, controlled, economical

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16
Q

Define a skill

A

Something that is learned

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17
Q

What determines whether a skill is open or closed

A

Environmental influence

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18
Q

What determines whether a skill is gross or fine

A

Extent of muscles used

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19
Q

What determines whether a skill is self paced or externally paced

A

Control and rate of execution

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20
Q

What determines whether a skill is discrete, continuous or serial

A

Continuity

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21
Q

What determines whether a skill is high or low organisation

A

Whether it is easily (low) or not easily broken down (high)

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22
Q

What determines whether a skill is simple or complex

A

The degree of difficulty

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23
Q

What is positive transfer

A

When one skill helps or aids the learning of another

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24
Q

When does positive transfer occur

A

When two skills have a similar shape or form

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25
Q

What is negative transfer

A

When one skill hinders the leading of another

26
Q

When does negative transfer occur

A

It happens when there is familiarity in environment and can cause confusion

27
Q

What is zero transfer

A

When the learning of one skill has no effect on another

28
Q

What is bilateral transfer

A

Where transfer of skill learned on one limb is transferred across the body

29
Q

What are the four stages of information processing

A

Input, decision making, output and feedback

30
Q

What is input

A

Information that is received from the senses

31
Q

What is decision making

A

Using the information provided by the input to decide the best form of output

32
Q

What is output

A

The response performed based off of the decision made during decision making

33
Q

What is feedback

A

Response to the output that helps determine future responses

34
Q

What is whole practice

A

Performing the skill in its entirety

35
Q

Give 3 advantages of whole practice

A
  • helps create a specific mental image that can be recollected in the LTM
  • more realistic than part practice
  • helps make the skill consistent
36
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of whole practice

A
  • can place unnecessary demands on the performer if they are unable to cope with the demands of the skill
  • possibility of fatigue
  • too much information to process
37
Q

What is whole part whole practice

A

The performer attempts the skill, identifies a weakness, practices this weakness and then puts the whole skill back together

38
Q

Give 3 advantages of whole part whole practice

A
  • Provides motivation when success is achieved
  • Provides immediate feedback
  • Corrects errors and allows it to be integrated into the whole action
  • Fluency and integration of the sub routines are maintained
39
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of whole part whole practice

A
  • Can produce negative transfer effects unless coach integrates the part back into the whole
  • Time consuming
40
Q

What is progressive part practice

A

Also known as chaining, The first part of the skill is taught and then more parts are added.

41
Q

Give 3 advantages of progressive part practice

A
  • The learner is allowed to focus on one aspect of the task and can correct specific weaknesses
  • The learner can rest so fatigue is reduced
  • If the performer is low on motivation, each part brings success so is very motivating
  • Helps to build confidence
  • Good for learning long routines
42
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of progressive part practice

A
  • Time consuming
  • Neglect the feeling of the whole task
  • Danger of negative transfer if not put together as a whole
  • Can be tiring
43
Q

What is massed practice

A

Continuous practice, with no rest

44
Q

Give 3 advantages of massed practice

A
  • Promotes fitness
  • Skill becomes almost automatic
  • Can repeat skill consistently
  • Motor programmes can be stored and recalled more easily
  • Efficient use of p[layers and coaches time
45
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of massed practice

A
  • Can cause fatigue, especially if they lack fitness
  • Danger of negative transfer
  • High demands, so coach should keep the practices simple to avoid tedium
46
Q

What is distributed practice

A

Involves rest intervals between sessions

47
Q

Give 3 advantages of distributed practice

A
  • Takes pressure of performer
  • Good for beginners as allows controlled progress
  • Keeps performers motivated
  • Safe way to practice dangerous skills
48
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of distributed practice

A
  • Time consuming (not good for training sessions)

- Not useful for experts who wish to over learn

49
Q

What is varied practice

A

Changing the practice type and drills

50
Q

Give 2 advantages of varied practice

A
  • Helps with motivation for continuous and externally paced skills
  • Reduces tedium
51
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of varied practice

A
  • Time consuming and increased risk of negative transfer

- Danger of fatigue and information overload

52
Q

What is mental practice

A

Going over the skill in your mind without movement

53
Q

Give 3 advantages of mental practice

A
  • Improves confidence and lowers anxiety
  • Evidence suggest it stimulates muscle receptors
  • Can be done when player is injured
  • Develops cognitive ability
54
Q

What could be a disadvantage of mental practice

A
  • The performers wont feel kinesthetic feedback
55
Q

What is an example of when whole practice would be used

A

A tennis serve

56
Q

What is an example of when whole part whole practice would be used

A

A golf swing when the performer has a poor grip

57
Q

What is an example of when progressive part practice should be used

A

A dance / gymnastics routine

58
Q

What is an example of when massed practice should be used

A

A basketball player practicing a free throw

59
Q

What is an example of when distributed practice would be used

A

A swimmer practicing stroke technique in training

60
Q

What is an example of when varied practice would be used

A

Players practicing a football pass

61
Q

What is an example of when mental practice would be used

A

A trampolinist going over their routine before a competition

P.E. (18 decks)

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