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P.E. > 1.3 The neuromuscular system > Flashcards

1.3 The neuromuscular system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Prepares the body for exercise (Fight or Flight)

Increases HR

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2
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

To relax the body - slow down HR

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3
Q

What are the 2 main types of muscle fibre

A 
Slow twitch (Type 1)
Fast twitch (Type 2)
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4
Q

What type of exercise are slow twitch fibres best suited for

A

Low intensity

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5
Q

How do slow twitch fibres produce their energy

A

Aerobically

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6
Q

What type of exercise are fast twitch fibres best suited for

A

Short intense bursts

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7
Q

How do fast twitch fibres produce most of their energy

A

Anaerobically

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8
Q

What are the two types of fast twitch muscle fibres

A

Type 2a fast oxidative glycolytic

Type 2x fast glycolytic

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9
Q

What is the contraction speed of type 1 fibres

A

Slow (110 metres per second)

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10
Q

What is the contraction speed of type 2a muscle fibres

A

Fast (50 metres per second)

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11
Q

What is the contraction speed of type 2x muscle fibres

A

Fast (50 metres per second)

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12
Q

What is the motor neurone size of type 1 fibres

A

Small

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13
Q

What is the motor neurone size of type 2a fibres

A

Large

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14
Q

What is the motor neurone size of type 2x fibres

A

Large

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15
Q

What is the motor neurone conduction capacity of type 1 fibres

A

Slow

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16
Q

What is the motor neurone conduction capacity of type 2a fibres

A

Fast

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17
Q

What is the motor neurone conduction capacity of type 2x fibres

A

Fast

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18
Q

What level of force is produced by type 1 fibres

A

Low

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19
Q

What level of force is produced by type 2a fibres

A

High

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20
Q

What level of force is produced by type 2x fibres

A

High

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21
Q

What is the level of fatiguability of type 1 muscle fibres

A

Low

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22
Q

What is the level of fatigability of type 2a fibres

A

Medium

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23
Q

What is the level of fatigability of type 2x fibres

A

High

24
Q

What is the mitochondrial density of type 1 fibres

A

High

25
Q

What is the mitochondrial density of type 2a fibres

A

Medium

26
Q

What is the mitochondrial density of type 2x fibres

A

Low

27
Q

What is the level of myoglobin content in type 1 fibres

A

High

28
Q

What is the level of myoglobin content in type 2a fibres

A

Medium

29
Q

What is the level of myoglobin content in type 2x fibres

A

Low

30
Q

What is the level of capillary density in type 1 fibres

A

High

31
Q

What is the level of capillary density in type 2a fibres

A

Medium

32
Q

What is the level of capillary density in type 2x fibres

A

Low

33
Q

What is the aerobic capacity of type 1 fibres

A

Very high

34
Q

What is the aerobic capacity of type 2a fibres

A

Medium

35
Q

What is the aerobic capacity of type 2x fibres

A

Low

36
Q

What is the anaerobic capacity of type 1 fibres

A

Low

37
Q

What is the anaerobic capacity of type 2a fibres

A

High

38
Q

What is the anaerobic capacity of type 2x fibres

A

Very high

39
Q

Enzyme activity level in type 1 fibres

A

Low

40
Q

Enzyme activity level in type 2a fibres

A

High

41
Q

Enzyme activity level in type 2x fibres

A

Very high

42
Q

How can you change muscle fibre type

A

Training to increase fibre size

43
Q

What is a motor unit

A

A motor unit and its muscle fibres

44
Q

What is a motor neurone

A

Nerve cells which transmit the brains instructions as electrical impulses to the muscle

45
Q

What is a neuromuscular junction

A

Where the motor neurone and the muscle fibre meet

46
Q

What is the all or none law

A

A sequence of impulses had to be of sufficient intensity to simulate all of the muscle fibres in a unit for it to contract, if not none of them will contract

47
Q

What are the two ways to increase the strength of a contraction

A

Wave summation and spatial summation

48
Q

What does PNF stand for

A

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

49
Q

What is PNF

A

An advanced stretching technique largely considered to be one of the most effective techniques for increasing flexibility

50
Q

What are muscle spindles

A

A type of proprioceptor that detect how far and fast a muscle is being stretched

51
Q

What reflex do muscle spindles produce

A

Stretch reflex

52
Q

What are the golgi tendon organs

A

A type of proprioceptor that are activated when there is tension in a muscle

53
Q

What is autogenic inhibition

A

Where there is a sudden relaxation of the muscle in response to high tension.

54
Q

What receptors cause autogenic inhibition

A

Golgi tendon organs

55
Q

Describe how to perform PNF stretching

A
  • A passive stretch is performed with the help of a partner to the point where tension is felt, if stretched too far the stretch reflex will occur
  • Then isometrically contracts the muscle for at least 10 seconds by pushing their leg against a partner who supplies enough resistance to keep the leg stationary. This helps to delay the stretch reflex
  • As the leg is lifted again the golgi tendon organs cause the agonist muscle to relax, increasing range of movement

P.E. (18 decks)

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