21) Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease

Question 1

Spirochetes are human pathogens that are gram_______

Answer 1

negative

Question 2

Spirochetes are not primary pathogens, majority are free living saprobes or commensals of…?

Answer 2

animals

Question 3

Three types of spirochetes are

• Treponema
• Leptospira
  and. ..

Answer 3

Borrelia

Question 4

Treponema pallidum is a gram-negative spirochetes that causes the STD…..?

Answer 4

Syphilis “the great pox”

Question 5

Treponema pallidum has 3 stages which are…?

Answer 5

primary syphilis
secondary syphilis
tertiary syphilis

Question 6

Primary syphilis causes an appearance of _____ at the inoculation site.

Answer 6

chancre

Question 7

Fluid from a primary syphilis chancre is highly contagious and heals spontaneously and moves into?

Answer 7

blood

Question 8

Primary Syphilis has a latent period of ___weeks - _____months

Answer 8

3 weeks - 6 months

Question 9

Secondary syphilis spirochete multiplying in the?

Answer 9

bloodstream

Question 10

With secondary syphilis a rash forms on skin, palms soles with fever, headache and sore throat, but then disappears ________.

Answer 10

spontaneously

Question 11

Secondary syphilis has a latent period of several years to _____ years

Answer 11

8

Question 12

If Treponema pallidum/ syphilis is left untreated _____ syphilis forms

Answer 12

tertiary

Question 13

Tertiary syphilis damages multiple tissues and _______.

Answer 13

Organs

Question 14

Tertiary syphilis may cause _______ to develop.

Answer 14

Gummas (soft, tumor-like growth of the tissues (granuloma))

Question 15

Neurosyphilis syphilis can involve the nervous system, but particularly the blood vessels in the brain, cranial nerves, and dorsal root of the spinal cord, causing diverse symptoms: severe headaches, convulsions, mental derangement, atrophy of the optic nerve, blindness and the _______pupil

Answer 15

Argyll-Roberston pupil

Question 16

Argyll-Roberston pupil is _______

Answer 16

irregularly shaped

Question 17

Neurosyphilis also cause cardiovascular syphilis that infects of the small vessels supplying the heart and aorta, compromising blood flow, resulting in heart failure or_____?

Answer 17

aortic aneurysm

Question 18

Treponema pallidum(Congenital Syphilis) can pass in any three trimesters of pregnancy, most common in second and third. The pathogen inhibits fetal growth and disrupts critical periods of development with varied consequences from mild to ___________

Answer 18

miscarriage or still birth

Question 19

Treatment for all forms of syphilis is what antibiotic?

Answer 19

Penicillin

Question 20

Leptospira interrogans is a zoonosis associated with wild animals such as: racoons, foxes, skunks, rodents; also horses, dogs, cattle, and pigs, and it causes what disease?

Answer 20

leptospirosis

Question 21

leptospirosis is transmitted by contact with animal….?

Answer 21

urine, skin abrasions or mucous membrane

Question 22

Symptoms of Leptospira interrogans are high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, conjunctivitis, and vomiting, diarrhea, rash and cause kidney disease, hepatic disease, jaundice and?

Answer 22

meningitis

Question 23

Treatment for Leptospira interrogans is the antibiotic _____?

Answer 23

Penicillin

Question 24

Does Leptospira interrogans have a vaccine for humans or animals?

Answer 24

Animals

Question 25

The Genus Borrelia is transmitted by what vector?

Answer 25

arthropod

Question 26

Borrelia hermsii is transmitted my tics but is reserved in squirrels and ?

Answer 26

chipmunks

Question 27

Borrelia hermsii causes relapsing fever by the parasite changing antigens and the immune system responds ______

Answer 27

Over and over

Question 28

Borrelia hermsii causes damage to what organs?

Answer 28

Liver, spleen, heart, kidneys, and cranial nerves.

Question 29

Treatment for Borrelia hermsii is the anibiotic...?

Answer 29

doxycycline

Question 30

Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease from what insect?

Answer 30

Tick

Question 31

Borrelia burgdorferi is nonfatal, slowly progressive syndrome that mimics neuromuscular and ?

Answer 31

rheumatoid conditions

Question 32

Borrelia burgdorferi has two stages of symptoms. | The first stage starts with a bull's eye rash called?

Answer 32

erythema migrans

Question 33

Borrelia burgdorferi has two stages of symptoms. | The second stage presents cardiac and neurological symptoms (facial palsy) then crippling polyarthritis in ______ joints

Answer 33

ALL

Question 34

Borrelia burgdorferi/ Lyme disease can be treated with what anitbiotic?

Answer 34

doxycycline

Question 35

Does Borrelia burgdorferi/ Lyme disease have a vaccine for humans or animals?

Answer 35

animals

Question 36

Vibrios are a curviform shape and gram______?

Answer 36

negative

Question 37

Vibrio cholerae lives in natural waters, and is acquired by contaminated water, food and _________fish

Answer 37

shellfish

Question 38

Vibrio cholerae produces _______ toxin

Answer 38

cholera toxin

Question 39

Vibrio cholerae produces a cholera toxin that stimulates intestinal cells to release large amounts of electrolytes which causes ?

Answer 39

severe water loss

Question 40

Treatment for Vibrio cholerae is replacing water and electrolytes, and the antibiotic?

Answer 40

doxycycline

Question 41

Does Vibrio cholerae have a vaccine for humans?

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

Other Vibrio Pathogens are _____ tolerant?

Answer 42

salt

Question 43

Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis from _____ seafood

Answer 43

raw

Question 44

Vibrio vulnificus causes gastroenteritis from raw oysters and has serious complications in persons with diabetes or?

Answer 44

liver disease

Question 45

Other Vibrio Pathogens can also cause a skin issue called...?

Answer 45

necrotizing fasciitis

Question 46

Campylobacter jejuni is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, produces enterotoxin Campylobacter jejuni toxin(CJT) stimulates a secretory?

Answer 46

diarrhea

Question 47

Campylobacter jejuni is associated with ________ syndrome

Answer 47

Guillain Barre’

Question 48

Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that causes______ in stomach...?

Answer 48

ulcers

Question 49

Helicobacter pylori produces urease which converts urea into ammonium and ?

Answer 49

bicarbonate

Question 50

The treatment for Helicobacter pylori is 2 – 4 weeks of clarithromycin along with stomach acid ____?

Answer 50

inhibitors

Question 51

Rickettsial Genus has 8 tick genera, 2 fleas and 1 louse are involved in _________ to humans.

Answer 51

Rickettsias

Question 52

Is the Rickettsia Genus motile?

Answer 52

no

Question 53

Rickettsia prowazekii causes ______ typhus?

Answer 53

epidemic typhus

Question 54

the antibiotic that treat Rickettsia prowazekii is ?

Answer 54

doxycycline

Question 55

Rickettsia typhi endemic or _______ typhus

Answer 55

murine

Question 56

which antibiotic treats Rickettsia typhi?

Answer 56

doxycycline

Question 57

Rickettsia rickettsii Causes rocky mountain _____ (RMSF)

Answer 57

spotted fever

Question 58

What antibiotic treats Rickettsia rickettsii?

Answer 58

Doxycycline

Question 59

Bartonella henselae causes _____ _______ disease?

Answer 59

cat- scratch

Question 60

the antibiotic treatment for Bartonella henselae is?

Answer 60

doxycycline

Question 61

Coxiella burnetii cause ______ fever?

Answer 61

Q fever

Question 62

The antibiotic treatment for Coxiella burnetii is ?

Answer 62

doxycycline

Question 63

10% have more severe disease with endocarditis, hepatitis and a 4% fatality rate from the bacteria?

Answer 63

Coxiella burnetii

Question 64

Chlamydia trachomatis causes what disease?

Answer 64

chlamydiosis

Question 65

Chlamydia trachomatis is acquired from

Answer 65

sex

Question 66

Chlamydia trachomatis has symptoms for men such as?

Answer 66

nongonoccal urethritis

Question 67

Chlamydia trachomatis has symptoms for women such as?

Answer 67

pelvic inflammatory disease = PID - cervicitis, white drainage, endometritis, salpingitis

Question 68

Chlamydia trachomatis can cause ocular trachoma that infects the ?

Answer 68

eyelids

Question 69

Chlamydia trachomatis can cause inclusion conjunctivitis in who?

Answer 69

newborns

Question 70

What antibiotic treats Chlamydia trachomatis?

Answer 70

Doxycycline

Question 71

Does Mycoplasma pneumoniae have a cell wall?

Answer 71

no

Question 72

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes what disease?

Answer 72

Primary atypical pneumonia

Question 73

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is acquired from?

Answer 73

Respiratory droplets

Question 74

symptom of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Answer 74

Tracheobronchitis

Question 75

What antibiotic id used to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Answer 75

doxycycline