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Micro Exam 3 > 21) Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease > Flashcards

21) Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Spirochetes are human pathogens that are gram_______

A

negative

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2
Q

Spirochetes are not primary pathogens, majority are free living saprobes or commensals of…?

A

animals

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3
Q

Three types of spirochetes are

  • Treponema
  • Leptospira
    and. ..
A

Borrelia

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4
Q

Treponema pallidum is a gram-negative spirochetes that causes the STD…..?

A

Syphilis “the great pox”

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5
Q

Treponema pallidum has 3 stages which are…?

A

primary syphilis
secondary syphilis
tertiary syphilis

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6
Q

Primary syphilis causes an appearance of _____ at the inoculation site.

A

chancre

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7
Q

Fluid from a primary syphilis chancre is highly contagious and heals spontaneously and moves into?

A

blood

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8
Q

Primary Syphilis has a latent period of ___weeks - _____months

A

3 weeks - 6 months

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9
Q

Secondary syphilis spirochete multiplying in the?

A

bloodstream

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10
Q

With secondary syphilis a rash forms on skin, palms soles with fever, headache and sore throat, but then disappears ________.

A

spontaneously

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11
Q

Secondary syphilis has a latent period of several years to _____ years

A

8

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12
Q

If Treponema pallidum/ syphilis is left untreated _____ syphilis forms

A

tertiary

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13
Q

Tertiary syphilis damages multiple tissues and _______.

A

Organs

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14
Q

Tertiary syphilis may cause _______ to develop.

A

Gummas (soft, tumor-like growth of the tissues (granuloma))

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15
Q

Neurosyphilis syphilis can involve the nervous system, but particularly the blood vessels in the brain, cranial nerves, and dorsal root of the spinal cord, causing diverse symptoms: severe headaches, convulsions, mental derangement, atrophy of the optic nerve, blindness and the _______pupil

A

Argyll-Roberston pupil

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16
Q

Argyll-Roberston pupil is _______

A

irregularly shaped

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17
Q

Neurosyphilis also cause cardiovascular syphilis that infects of the small vessels supplying the heart and aorta, compromising blood flow, resulting in heart failure or_____?

A

aortic aneurysm

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18
Q

Treponema pallidum(Congenital Syphilis) can pass in any three trimesters of pregnancy, most common in second and third. The pathogen inhibits fetal growth and disrupts critical periods of development with varied consequences from mild to ___________

A

miscarriage or still birth

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19
Q

Treatment for all forms of syphilis is what antibiotic?

A

Penicillin

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20
Q

Leptospira interrogans is a zoonosis associated with wild animals such as: racoons, foxes, skunks, rodents; also horses, dogs, cattle, and pigs, and it causes what disease?

A

leptospirosis

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21
Q

leptospirosis is transmitted by contact with animal….?

A

urine, skin abrasions or mucous membrane

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22
Q

Symptoms of Leptospira interrogans are high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, conjunctivitis, and vomiting, diarrhea, rash and cause kidney disease, hepatic disease, jaundice and?

A

meningitis

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23
Q

Treatment for Leptospira interrogans is the antibiotic _____?

A

Penicillin

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24
Q

Does Leptospira interrogans have a vaccine for humans or animals?

A

Animals

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25
Q

The Genus Borrelia is transmitted by what vector?

A

arthropod

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26
Q

Borrelia hermsii is transmitted my tics but is reserved in squirrels and ?

A

chipmunks

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27
Q

Borrelia hermsii causes relapsing fever by the parasite changing antigens and the immune system responds ______

A

Over and over

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28
Q

Borrelia hermsii causes damage to what organs?

A

Liver, spleen, heart, kidneys, and cranial nerves.

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29
Q

Treatment for Borrelia hermsii is the anibiotic…?

A

doxycycline

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30
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease from what insect?

A

Tick

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31
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi is nonfatal, slowly progressive syndrome that mimics neuromuscular and ?

A

rheumatoid conditions

32
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi has two stages of symptoms.

The first stage starts with a bull’s eye rash called?

A

erythema migrans

33
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi has two stages of symptoms.

The second stage presents cardiac and neurological symptoms (facial palsy) then crippling polyarthritis in ______ joints

A

ALL

34
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi/ Lyme disease can be treated with what anitbiotic?

A

doxycycline

35
Q

Does Borrelia burgdorferi/ Lyme disease have a vaccine for humans or animals?

A

animals

36
Q

Vibrios are a curviform shape and gram______?

A

negative

37
Q

Vibrio cholerae lives in natural waters, and is acquired by contaminated water, food and _________fish

A

shellfish

38
Q

Vibrio cholerae produces _______ toxin

A

cholera toxin

39
Q

Vibrio cholerae produces a cholera toxin that stimulates intestinal cells to release large amounts of electrolytes which causes ?

A

severe water loss

40
Q

Treatment for Vibrio cholerae is replacing water and electrolytes, and the antibiotic?

A

doxycycline

41
Q

Does Vibrio cholerae have a vaccine for humans?

A

yes

42
Q

Other Vibrio Pathogens are _____ tolerant?

A

salt

43
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis from _____ seafood

A

raw

44
Q

Vibrio vulnificus causes gastroenteritis from raw oysters and has serious complications in persons with diabetes or?

A

liver disease

45
Q

Other Vibrio Pathogens can also cause a skin issue called…?

A

necrotizing fasciitis

46
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, produces enterotoxin Campylobacter jejuni toxin(CJT) stimulates a secretory?

A

diarrhea

47
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is associated with ________ syndrome

A

Guillain Barre’

48
Q

Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that causes______ in stomach…?

A

ulcers

49
Q

Helicobacter pylori produces urease which converts urea into ammonium and ?

A

bicarbonate

50
Q

The treatment for Helicobacter pylori is 2 – 4 weeks of clarithromycin along with stomach acid ____?

A

inhibitors

51
Q

Rickettsial Genus has 8 tick genera, 2 fleas and 1 louse are involved in _________ to humans.

A

Rickettsias

52
Q

Is the Rickettsia Genus motile?

A

no

53
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii causes ______ typhus?

A

epidemic typhus

54
Q

the antibiotic that treat Rickettsia prowazekii is ?

A

doxycycline

55
Q

Rickettsia typhi endemic or _______ typhus

A

murine

56
Q

which antibiotic treats Rickettsia typhi?

A

doxycycline

57
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii Causes rocky mountain _____ (RMSF)

A

spotted fever

58
Q

What antibiotic treats Rickettsia rickettsii?

A

Doxycycline

59
Q

Bartonella henselae causes _____ _______ disease?

A

cat- scratch

60
Q

the antibiotic treatment for Bartonella henselae is?

A

doxycycline

61
Q

Coxiella burnetii cause ______ fever?

A

Q fever

62
Q

The antibiotic treatment for Coxiella burnetii is ?

A

doxycycline

63
Q

10% have more severe disease with endocarditis, hepatitis and a 4% fatality rate from the bacteria?

A

Coxiella burnetii

64
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis causes what disease?

A

chlamydiosis

65
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis is acquired from

A

sex

66
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis has symptoms for men such as?

A

nongonoccal urethritis

67
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis has symptoms for women such as?

A

pelvic inflammatory disease = PID - cervicitis, white drainage, endometritis, salpingitis

68
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis can cause ocular trachoma that infects the ?

A

eyelids

69
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis can cause inclusion conjunctivitis in who?

A

newborns

70
Q

What antibiotic treats Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Doxycycline

71
Q

Does Mycoplasma pneumoniae have a cell wall?

A

no

72
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes what disease?

A

Primary atypical pneumonia

73
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is acquired from?

A

Respiratory droplets

74
Q

symptom of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Tracheobronchitis

75
Q

What antibiotic id used to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

doxycycline

Micro Exam 3 (8 decks)

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