21) Miscellaneous Bacterial Agents of Disease Flashcards
Spirochetes are human pathogens that are gram_______
negative
Spirochetes are not primary pathogens, majority are free living saprobes or commensals of…?
animals
Three types of spirochetes are
- Treponema
- Leptospira
and. ..
Borrelia
Treponema pallidum is a gram-negative spirochetes that causes the STD…..?
Syphilis “the great pox”
Treponema pallidum has 3 stages which are…?
primary syphilis
secondary syphilis
tertiary syphilis
Primary syphilis causes an appearance of _____ at the inoculation site.
chancre
Fluid from a primary syphilis chancre is highly contagious and heals spontaneously and moves into?
blood
Primary Syphilis has a latent period of ___weeks - _____months
3 weeks - 6 months
Secondary syphilis spirochete multiplying in the?
bloodstream
With secondary syphilis a rash forms on skin, palms soles with fever, headache and sore throat, but then disappears ________.
spontaneously
Secondary syphilis has a latent period of several years to _____ years
8
If Treponema pallidum/ syphilis is left untreated _____ syphilis forms
tertiary
Tertiary syphilis damages multiple tissues and _______.
Organs
Tertiary syphilis may cause _______ to develop.
Gummas (soft, tumor-like growth of the tissues (granuloma))
Neurosyphilis syphilis can involve the nervous system, but particularly the blood vessels in the brain, cranial nerves, and dorsal root of the spinal cord, causing diverse symptoms: severe headaches, convulsions, mental derangement, atrophy of the optic nerve, blindness and the _______pupil
Argyll-Roberston pupil
Argyll-Roberston pupil is _______
irregularly shaped
Neurosyphilis also cause cardiovascular syphilis that infects of the small vessels supplying the heart and aorta, compromising blood flow, resulting in heart failure or_____?
aortic aneurysm
Treponema pallidum(Congenital Syphilis) can pass in any three trimesters of pregnancy, most common in second and third. The pathogen inhibits fetal growth and disrupts critical periods of development with varied consequences from mild to ___________
miscarriage or still birth
Treatment for all forms of syphilis is what antibiotic?
Penicillin
Leptospira interrogans is a zoonosis associated with wild animals such as: racoons, foxes, skunks, rodents; also horses, dogs, cattle, and pigs, and it causes what disease?
leptospirosis
leptospirosis is transmitted by contact with animal….?
urine, skin abrasions or mucous membrane
Symptoms of Leptospira interrogans are high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, conjunctivitis, and vomiting, diarrhea, rash and cause kidney disease, hepatic disease, jaundice and?
meningitis
Treatment for Leptospira interrogans is the antibiotic _____?
Penicillin
Does Leptospira interrogans have a vaccine for humans or animals?
Animals
The Genus Borrelia is transmitted by what vector?
arthropod
Borrelia hermsii is transmitted my tics but is reserved in squirrels and ?
chipmunks
Borrelia hermsii causes relapsing fever by the parasite changing antigens and the immune system responds ______
Over and over
Borrelia hermsii causes damage to what organs?
Liver, spleen, heart, kidneys, and cranial nerves.
Treatment for Borrelia hermsii is the anibiotic…?
doxycycline
Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease from what insect?
Tick
Borrelia burgdorferi is nonfatal, slowly progressive syndrome that mimics neuromuscular and ?
rheumatoid conditions
Borrelia burgdorferi has two stages of symptoms.
The first stage starts with a bull’s eye rash called?
erythema migrans
Borrelia burgdorferi has two stages of symptoms.
The second stage presents cardiac and neurological symptoms (facial palsy) then crippling polyarthritis in ______ joints
ALL
Borrelia burgdorferi/ Lyme disease can be treated with what anitbiotic?
doxycycline
Does Borrelia burgdorferi/ Lyme disease have a vaccine for humans or animals?
animals
Vibrios are a curviform shape and gram______?
negative
Vibrio cholerae lives in natural waters, and is acquired by contaminated water, food and _________fish
shellfish
Vibrio cholerae produces _______ toxin
cholera toxin
Vibrio cholerae produces a cholera toxin that stimulates intestinal cells to release large amounts of electrolytes which causes ?
severe water loss
Treatment for Vibrio cholerae is replacing water and electrolytes, and the antibiotic?
doxycycline
Does Vibrio cholerae have a vaccine for humans?
yes
Other Vibrio Pathogens are _____ tolerant?
salt
Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis from _____ seafood
raw
Vibrio vulnificus causes gastroenteritis from raw oysters and has serious complications in persons with diabetes or?
liver disease
Other Vibrio Pathogens can also cause a skin issue called…?
necrotizing fasciitis
Campylobacter jejuni is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, produces enterotoxin Campylobacter jejuni toxin(CJT) stimulates a secretory?
diarrhea
Campylobacter jejuni is associated with ________ syndrome
Guillain Barre’
Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that causes______ in stomach…?
ulcers
Helicobacter pylori produces urease which converts urea into ammonium and ?
bicarbonate
The treatment for Helicobacter pylori is 2 – 4 weeks of clarithromycin along with stomach acid ____?
inhibitors
Rickettsial Genus has 8 tick genera, 2 fleas and 1 louse are involved in _________ to humans.
Rickettsias
Is the Rickettsia Genus motile?
no
Rickettsia prowazekii causes ______ typhus?
epidemic typhus
the antibiotic that treat Rickettsia prowazekii is ?
doxycycline
Rickettsia typhi endemic or _______ typhus
murine
which antibiotic treats Rickettsia typhi?
doxycycline
Rickettsia rickettsii Causes rocky mountain _____ (RMSF)
spotted fever
What antibiotic treats Rickettsia rickettsii?
Doxycycline
Bartonella henselae causes _____ _______ disease?
cat- scratch
the antibiotic treatment for Bartonella henselae is?
doxycycline
Coxiella burnetii cause ______ fever?
Q fever
The antibiotic treatment for Coxiella burnetii is ?
doxycycline
10% have more severe disease with endocarditis, hepatitis and a 4% fatality rate from the bacteria?
Coxiella burnetii
Chlamydia trachomatis causes what disease?
chlamydiosis
Chlamydia trachomatis is acquired from
sex
Chlamydia trachomatis has symptoms for men such as?
nongonoccal urethritis
Chlamydia trachomatis has symptoms for women such as?
pelvic inflammatory disease = PID - cervicitis, white drainage, endometritis, salpingitis
Chlamydia trachomatis can cause ocular trachoma that infects the ?
eyelids
Chlamydia trachomatis can cause inclusion conjunctivitis in who?
newborns
What antibiotic treats Chlamydia trachomatis?
Doxycycline
Does Mycoplasma pneumoniae have a cell wall?
no
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes what disease?
Primary atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is acquired from?
Respiratory droplets
symptom of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Tracheobronchitis
What antibiotic id used to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
doxycycline
