CH. 12 Questions

Question 1

A compound synthesized by bacteria or fungi that destroys or inhibits the growth of other microbes is a(n)

a) synthetic drug
b) antibiotic
c) antimicrobial drug
d) competitive inhibitor

Answer 1

b) antibiotic

Question 2

Which statement is NOT an aim in the use of drugs for antimicrobial chemotherapy? The drug should

a) have selective toxicity
b) be active even in high dilutions
c) be broken down and excreted rapidly
d) be microbicidal

Answer 2

c) be broken down and excreted rapidly

Question 3

Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through

a) conjugation
b) transformation
c) transduction
d) all of these

Answer 3

d) all of these

Question 4

R factors are ____ that contain a code for ____.

a) genes, replication
b) plasmids, drug resistance
c) transposons, interferon
d) plasmids, conjugation

Answer 4

b) plasmids, drug resistance

Question 5

When a patient’s immune system becomes reactive to a drug, this is an example of

a) superinfection
b) drug resistance
c) allergy
d) toxicity

Answer 5

c) allergy

Question 6

An antibiotic that disrupts the normal microbiota can cause

a) the teeth to turn brown
b) aplastic anemia
c) a superinfection
d) hepatotoxicity

Answer 6

c) a superinfection

Question 7

Most anthelminthic drugs function by

a) weakening the worms so they can be flushed out by the intestine
b) inhibiting worm metabolism
c) blocking the absorption of nutrients
d) inhibiting egg production
e) all of these

Answer 7

b) inhibiting worm metabolism

Question 8

Select a drug or drugs that can prevent a viral nucleic acid from being replicated.

a) retrovir
b) acyclovir
c) saquinavir
d) both a and b

Answer 8

d) both a and b

Question 9

Which of the following effects do antiviral drugs NOT have?

a) destroying extracellular viruses
b) stopping virus synthesis
c) inhibiting virus maturation
d) blocking virus receptors

Answer 9

a) destroying extracellular viruses

Question 10

Which of the following modes of action would be most selectively toxic?

a) interrupting ribosomal function
b) dissolving the cell membrane
c) preventing cell wall synthesis
d) inhibiting DNA replication

Answer 10

c) preventing cell wall synthesis

Question 11

The MIC is the ____ of a drug that is required to inhibit growth of a microbe.

a) largest concentration
b) standard dose
c) smallest concentration
d) lowest dilution

Answer 11

c) smallest concentration

Question 12

An antimicrobial drug with a ____ therapeutic index is a better choice than one with a ____ therapeutic index.

a) low, high
b) high, low

Answer 12

b) high, low

Question 13

1. _____ sulfonamides
2. _____ zidovudine
3. _____ penicillin
4. _____ tetracycline
5. _____ erythromycin
6. _____ quinolone
7. _____ relenza
8. _____ polymyxin

a) reverse transcriptase inhibitor
b) blocks the attachment of tRNA on the ribosome
c) interferes with viral budding and release
d) interferes with synthesis of folic acid
e) breaks down cell membrane integrity
f) prevents the ribosome from translocating
g) blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan
h) inhibits DNA gyrase

Answer 13

1. d
2. a
3. g
4. b
5. f
6. h
7. c
8. e

Question 14

While this case focuses on rare side effects, a patient could reasonably expect to suffer from ______ as a result of treating an infection with ciprofloxacin.

a) temporary hearing loss
b) an allergic reaction
c) an alteration in microbiota
d) kidney damage

Answer 14

c) an alteration in microbiota

Question 15

What other drug could have potentially substituted for ciprofloxacin in this case?

a) penicillin
b) erythromycin
c) vancomycin
d) bacitracin

Answer 15

b) erythromycin

Question 16

A client has been diagnosed with drug-sensitive tuberculosis. The physician plans to treat the client with a first-line medication. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer?

a) ketoconazole
b) rifampin
c) ciprofloxacin
d) penicillin

Answer 16

b) rifampin

Question 17

A client has been diagnosed with oral candidiasis and prescribed fluconazole (Diflucan). The client asks what the medicine is used for and the nurse correctly replies,

a) “This is a medication used to treat bacterial infections.”
b) “This medication relieves pain, so you will be better able to eat.”
c) “This medication is used to treat fungal infections.”
d) “This medication prevents replication of viruses.”

Answer 17

c) “This medication is used to treat fungal infections.”