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Germany 1890-1945 > 2.1 Germany And The First World War > Flashcards

2.1 Germany And The First World War Flashcards

1
Q

When did WW1 begin?

A

August 1914

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2
Q

Patriotic definition

A
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3
Q

Mutiny definition

A
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4
Q

Abdicate definition

A
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5
Q

Who fought against who in WW1

A

Germany, Austria
Vs
France, UK, Russia, Belgium, Serbia

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6
Q

What were the German attitudes towards the war in the beginning and end?

A

Beginning: young, patriotic Germans thought the war would end quickly
End: Soldiers were worn down by bombs, poisonous gas and machine gun fire. German citizens at home suffered too.

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7
Q

Home front definition

A

the civilian population and activities of a nation whose armed forces are engaged in war abroad

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8
Q

How did Germans suffer during WW1?

A
  • Britain used large navy to stop supply ships getting to Germany
  • As a result, there were terrible shortages of food, medicine and clothing
  • People grew weary and tired of the war , this is known as war fatigue
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9
Q

How did people express their feelings about the war and what did the people in power do?

A
  • 1915 — 500 women gathered in front of the German parliament buildings, saying they wanted their men back from the trenches
  • 1916 — 10,000 workers assembled in Berlin to shout ‘Down with war, down with the government!’
  • Police made arrests and calmed the situation
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10
Q

Why was Germany close to collapse by 1918?

A
  • German people were surviving on turnips and bread
  • Spanish flu was killing thousands already weak from poor diet
  • On the battlefields, Germany was close to defeat
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11
Q

Who was General Ludendorff and what did he do?

A
  • he was a leading German general and war hero
  • he advised the Kaiser to share more of his power with the Reichstag
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12
Q

Did the Kaiser make the changes Ludendorff suggested and did they work

A
  • He did: he allowed the main political parties to form a new government
  • German people thought it was too little, too late
  • There were talks that the Kaiser should abdicate and plans of overthrowing him in a revolution
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13
Q

When did the Kaiser abdicate?

A

9 November 1918

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14
Q

What happened during the mutiny on 28 October 1918?

A
  • Germany navy was ordered out to sea form Kiel, northern Germany to attack British ships
  • Sailors refused to follow orders, they no longer wanted to fight
  • News spread, other sailors refused to follow orders, supported by workers in the towns
  • Soldiers sent to deal with the protests joined the sailors and workers
  • in 6 days, workers’ and soldiers’ councils were governing cities
  • Kaiser no longer supported by army generals
  • On 9 November 1918, Kaiser abidcated
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15
Q

Who became leader after Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated?

A

Friedrich Ebert the leader of the SPD (Social Democratic Party)

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16
Q

What did Ebert do?

A
  • promised to hold elections soon
  • he surrendered to World War 1
17
Q

When did Germany surrender/WW1 end?

A

11th November 1918

18
Q

What are the three main sub points about the impact of the war on Germany by 1918?

A
  • Germany was virtually bankrupt
  • The war had divided German society further
  • Germany had become more politically unstable
19
Q

Germany was virtually bankrupt

A
  • Germany had borrowed money from abroad to pay for the war. This would need paying back.
  • Germany had lent some of its own money to its allies. Would they get it back?
  • The war had left 600,000 widows and **two million children without fathers. War pensions would cost the government a fortune in the future
  • German factories were exhausted by the war. They had been producing guns, bullets and shells, not goods abroad to sell abroad and make money
20
Q

The war had divided Germany further

A
  • some factory owners made a fortune during the war, while German workers had restrictions placed on their wages
  • Women worked in the factories during the war. Some thought this damaged traditional family values
21
Q

Germany had become more politically unstable

A
  • before the war, Germany had been a stable, rich nation. Now, there was mutiny and revolution
  • many ex-soldiers and civilians felt Germany could have won the war. They felt they had been betrayed by the politicians who had ended it, and refused to support them

Germany 1890-1945 (20 decks)

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