2.1 Definitions Flashcards
Orbital
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins
Relative Atomic Mass
The weighted mean mass of an atom compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Relative Isotopic Mass
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
Empirical Formula
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a substance
Covalent Bonding
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
Giant Ionic Lattice Structure
A regular repeating 3 dimensional structure where all ions are surrounded by oppositely charged ions
Ionic Bonding
Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
Atom
The smallest unit of matter
Element
A substance made of one type of atom
Molecule
2 or more atoms bonded together
Compound
Two or more different types of atoms bonded together in a set ratio
Acid
A substance releasing H+ ions
Salt
A compound formed when an H+ ion from an acid has been replaced by a metal or ammonium
Effervescence
Formation of gas bubbles in a liquid by a reaction
Precipitate
A solid that forms from a solution during a reaction
Ideal Gas Equation
pV = nRT
°C to K conversion
+273
R.t.p
25°C (298K) and 1atm
S.t.p
0°C (273K) and 1atm
Atm to Pa conversion
× 101000
cm³ to m³
÷ 1,000,000
dm³ to m³
÷ 1000
Volume of 1mol gas at s.t.p
22.4 dm³
Volume of 1mol gas at r.t.p
24 dm³
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses
Mole
The amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in 12g of carbon-12
Standard solution
A solution of a known concentration
Water of crystallisation
Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound
