2.1 Flashcards
when did Malcolm X join the NOI + change his name to Malcolm?
1952
when did Malcolm X leave the NOI?
1964
when was Malcolm X murdered?
21st Feb 1965
when was the Black Panther Party founded?
Oct 1966
what did the Black Panther Party advocate?
black nationalism, self-defence
when did the Black Panther Party come to national attention?
1968 Olympics medal award ceremony in Mexico City for men’s 400m
who made the Black Power Salute at the 1968 Olympics?
Tommy Smith + John Carlos
what happened in 1969 regarding members of the Black Panther Party?
28 members were killed by police shootouts, incl. leader Fred Hampton
how many members did the Black Panter Party have at it’s height?
5,000
when + where was MLK assassinated?
4th April 1968
Lorraine Hotel, Memphis Tennessee
when was the Civil Rights Act passed?
1964
what did the Civil Rights Act do?
- gave federal gov legal tools to end de jure segregation in the South
- forbade discrimination in employment on grounds of race, religion + sex
- established Equal Employment Commission
why was the Civil Rights Act passed?
- activism of CR organisations (NAACP, SCLC, CORE + SNCC) - direct action
- sympathetic response of Northern whites to the CR movement - public sympathy
- a suitable tribute to JFK, who introduced it - public sympathy
- Johnson’s commitment to civil rights + his persuasion of Congress - lobbying
what % of Southern black schoolchildren still attended segregated schools in 1968?
68%
what were the limitations of the Civil Rights Act?
did little to facilitate black voting in Deep South + did not end violence against blacks
why did King’s influence decline in 1967?
he openly opposed US involvement in the Vietnam War + lost support of Johnson
when was the Voting Rights Act passed?
1965
what did the Voting Rights Act do?
disallowed literacy + constitutional interpretation of tests that was traditionally used to stop black voter registration
what % of Mississippi’s black population was registered to vote by 1968?
59%
what was the impact of the Voting Rights Act?
- no. of black Americans elected to office increased 6 fold from 1965-1969, then doubled 1969-80
- 1969, Charles Evers became 1st black man to be elected mayor of Fayette, Mississippi
when did 2 major Southern cities (Raleigh N. Carolina + Atlanta, Georgia) elect black mayors?
1973
when + what was the Freedom Summer?
1964
CR activists made a major attempt to register black voters in Mississippi
when was the march on Selma?
March 1965
why did the Selma march achieve national coverage?
marchers were attacked by Alabama State Police at Pettus Bridge - 7th March
