1.3 Flashcards
how successful was the civil rights movement in achieving more rights for black Americans in the years 1955-63?
what was the median income of white families per year compared to non white families in 1953 + 1960?
1953: white = $4k , non white = $2k
1960: white = $6k , non white = $3k
when was the Montgomery Bus Boycott + what was it sparked by?
- 1955-56
- sparked by Rosa Park’s arrest in Dec 1955
what happened during the Montgomery Bus Boycott, was it effective + why?
- black Americans refused to use public transport
- extremely effective as non-whites used public transport more than whites
what happened as a result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
- Dec 1956 - the SC declared segregation on public transport was unconstitutional
- creation of SCLC (mobilised support against segregation in Old South)
what led to MLK’s arrest? how long was he imprisoned for + why was this significant?
- non-violent demonstrations in Birmingham
- 2 days
- made national TV news - he was released by JFK + his brother
what was MLK’s impact on civil rights? how did he achieve this?
elevated the movement to an international issue
(e.g. 1964 appeared front of Time magazine ,one of the most influential, + won Nobel Peace Prize same year)
how many people converged to DC for a rally? what proportion were white?
250,000
1/4 = white
how did police tackle the demonstrations in Birmingham?
City Police Chief ,Eugene ‘Bull’ Connor, used dogs + water cannons and arrested 2,500 protestors
what did MLK focus on?
- desegregating lunch counters + fitting rooms
- increasing hiring of black Americans in businesses
- creating a multiracial committee to help desegregate facilities across Birmingham
when was MLK awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?
1964
who was the Civil Rights Act introduced by + when?
Johnson in 1964
when + where was Emmett Till murdered? what happened to the perpetrators?
1955 in money, Mississippi
they were acquitted
where did legal segregation exist in 1877 + until when?
South until 1900
who was Medgar Evers?
NAACP secretary for Mississippi
when was Medgar Evers assassinated? what happened to his perpetrator?
- 12 June 1963
- perpetrators never brought to trial
when was the ‘Southern Manifesto’ signed + by who?
March 1956 by 100 Congressmen + Senators from the Old South
what did the ‘Southern Manifesto’ aim to do?
support segregation by all means
what did the KKK offer? impact on black Americans?
- white intimidation of black Americans
- dissuaded black Americans from registering to vote or engaging in peaceful demonstrations
what did the MIA stand for? what did the KKK do to them?
- Montgomery Improvement Association
- suffered death threats + mob attacks by the KKK
what did the SNCC stand for? what did they do?
- Students Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
- forced stores across Old South to end racial discrimination at lunch counters
what event led to the creation of the SNCC?
Feb 1960 Greensboro Sit-Ins
by 1963 how many school districts in the Old south were desegregated?
only 9%
