1.3

Question 1

what was the median income of white families per year compared to non white families in 1953 + 1960?

Answer 1

1953: white = $4k , non white = $2k
1960: white = $6k , non white = $3k

Question 2

when was the Montgomery Bus Boycott + what was it sparked by?

Answer 2

• 1955-56
• sparked by Rosa Park’s arrest in Dec 1955

Question 3

what happened during the Montgomery Bus Boycott, was it effective + why?

Answer 3

• black Americans refused to use public transport
• extremely effective as non-whites used public transport more than whites

Question 4

what happened as a result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 4

• Dec 1956 - the SC declared segregation on public transport was unconstitutional
• creation of SCLC (mobilised support against segregation in Old South)

Question 5

what led to MLK’s arrest? how long was he imprisoned for + why was this significant?

Answer 5

• non-violent demonstrations in Birmingham
• 2 days
• made national TV news - he was released by JFK + his brother

Question 6

what was MLK’s impact on civil rights? how did he achieve this?

Answer 6

elevated the movement to an international issue
(e.g. 1964 appeared front of Time magazine ,one of the most influential, + won Nobel Peace Prize same year)

Question 7

how many people converged to DC for a rally? what proportion were white?

Answer 7

250,000
1/4 = white

Question 8

how did police tackle the demonstrations in Birmingham?

Answer 8

City Police Chief ,Eugene ‘Bull’ Connor, used dogs + water cannons and arrested 2,500 protestors

Question 9

what did MLK focus on?

Answer 9

• desegregating lunch counters + fitting rooms
• increasing hiring of black Americans in businesses
• creating a multiracial committee to help desegregate facilities across Birmingham

Question 10

when was MLK awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

Answer 10

1964

Question 11

who was the Civil Rights Act introduced by + when?

Answer 11

Johnson in 1964

Question 12

when + where was Emmett Till murdered? what happened to the perpetrators?

Answer 12

1955 in money, Mississippi
they were acquitted

Question 13

where did legal segregation exist in 1877 + until when?

Answer 13

South until 1900

Question 14

who was Medgar Evers?

Answer 14

NAACP secretary for Mississippi

Question 15

when was Medgar Evers assassinated? what happened to his perpetrator?

Answer 15

• 12 June 1963
• perpetrators never brought to trial

Question 16

when was the ‘Southern Manifesto’ signed + by who?

Answer 16

March 1956 by 100 Congressmen + Senators from the Old South

Question 17

what did the ‘Southern Manifesto’ aim to do?

Answer 17

support segregation by all means

Question 18

what did the KKK offer? impact on black Americans?

Answer 18

• white intimidation of black Americans
• dissuaded black Americans from registering to vote or engaging in peaceful demonstrations

Question 19

what did the MIA stand for? what did the KKK do to them?

Answer 19

• Montgomery Improvement Association
• suffered death threats + mob attacks by the KKK

Question 20

what did the SNCC stand for? what did they do?

Answer 20

• Students Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
• forced stores across Old South to end racial discrimination at lunch counters

Question 21

what event led to the creation of the SNCC?

Answer 21

Feb 1960 Greensboro Sit-Ins

Question 22

by 1963 how many school districts in the Old south were desegregated?

Answer 22

only 9%