2022 Paper 3 (20/03/2025) Flashcards
Y-shift?
This is a control on the oscilloscope that is used to centre the trace vertically on the oscilloscopes screen
Material wave travels through doubles in length?
This means the time would double due to distance being proportional to time. This would mean twice as many cycles and would mean it stretches further across the oscilloscope screen. If beyond scale the time base will need to be decreased
Reducing Parallax error?
Use a set square to point to measurement and have the reference point close to measuring equipment the reading is taken from. Place a mirror being measuring equipment and adjust until reference point lines up with its own reflection
Carrying out experiment?
Need to mention control, dependent and independent variables, these can come from question context or values in a given equation. Then identify suitable equipment to get measurement and what is done to obtain data. Next, describe how the data will be plotted and manipulate the equation to find out how certain values are obtained from graph using it.
Problem of using calipers for measuring?
The diameter of object between them could be reduced from calipers deforming it
Deducing uncertainty from multiple values?
The uncertainty is half the range of the non-anomalous results
Removing mass off top of piston in a cylinder?
This causes the piston to not fall out of the cylinder as it enables an upward force to balance the weight of the piston. This upward force comes from P moving down and the pressure of trapped air decreases as from it moving down the air expands. This expansion makes its pressure less than atmospheric pressure but when the valve is opened the pressure equal which means it falls out
Using gradient of log graph to explain Boyle’s law?
If you had a graph of the logV against P, putting it in the form of y=mx+c and removing logs would produce the equation V = p^m and since “m” the gradient is -1 it means “p” is inversely proportional to “v” which is the relationship of Boyle’s Law
Ensuring Boyle’s Law is obeyed?
Temperature must be kept constant for Boyle’s Law to be obeyed. To ensure constant temperature after a change in volume leave some time for temperature to equilibrate with the surroundings
Converging lenses and spherical aberration?
An example of this is two set of rays parallel to the principle axis coming to two different foci. The outer parallel rays will focus closer to the lens
CCD used instead of eye to view stellar objects?
CCD has better resolution due to it having smaller pixels meaning things like stars can be seen as more separate. CCD’s have better quantum efficiency and can be exposed for a long time meaning dimmer or more distant objects can be seen. CCD’s can detect a wider range of wavelengths and are more convenient as they don’t need an astronomer present
Shape of binary system graph?
Minima are caused when one star passes in front of the other. Deeper minima are caused by the cooler star passing in front of the hotter star
Different spectral line values?
This is due to the Doppler effect where as the system is moving towards Earth the light becomes blue shifted
Property of Quasar key in discovery?
Its a highly powerful radio emitter
Red Shift Theory for age of universe?
This predicts distant galaxies are moving further away from us and the further they are away the faster they move and this is due to Hubble’s Law
CMBR reasoning for age of universe?
This predicts black body radiation at microwave wavelengths. Since it comes from all directions it means the universe was once very small in a hot and dense state.
